OLD GERMAN
PROFESSIONS, OCCUPATIONS and
ILLNESSES
translated from German
into English language
(courtesy of
Oliver Weiss)
Abbauer - tenant on
a (new, split-off) farm;
heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
Abdecker - skinner
Abendmahlgast -
communicant
Abenteurer - jeweler;
adventurer (also "Abentuerer)
Ablader - longshoreman
Abnahmemann - retired
farmer on life estate
Abnehmer - photographer
Abschiedsmann - Man
retired on life estate
Abstreifer - renderer;
knacker; flayer; roof-uncoverer
Accisenschreiber - tax
clerk
Achatschleifer - agate
polisher
Achtbuerger - one of
eight citizen representatives;
citizen (bourgeoisie, not a guild member)
Achtelbauer - farmer
on 1/8 of a full-sized
farm
Achtelhufner - farmer
on 1/8 of a full-sized
farm
Achter - Juryman
Achtermann - farmer on
farm behind ones's
own
Achtmann - lay
juryman; spokesman
Ackerbauer - farmer;
tiller of he soil
Ackerbuerger - citizen
farmer
Ackerer - farmer;
tiller of the soil
Ackerknecht - farmhand
Ackersmann - farmer;
tiller of the soil
Ackerwirt(h) - farmer;
tiller of the soil
Aderlasser -
bloodletter
Adjunkt - deputy;
vice-; deputy mayor (of
a village other than where the mayor himself resides in a
multi-village
community)
Adjutant - (mil.)
warrant officer
Adjuvant - auxiliary
teacher
Adlerwirt(h) -
proprietor of the Eagle Inn
(at the sign of the eagle)
Adlige(r) - noble
person
Administrator -
administrator
Advokat - lawyer
Aebtissin - abbess
Aeltermann - master of
a guild; head of chamber
of commerce
Aeltester - (church)
elder; member of the
church council
Aescherer - ash-burner
(in glass or soap
factory)
Affengiesser - brass
founder; bronze founder;
pewterer
Affidat - vassal;
tenant
Afkaat - lawyer (from
Advokat)
Afstoeter - tanner
Afteiber - apothecary;
pharmacist
Agsteinfischer -
'fisher' for amber
Agtschleifer - amber
polisher; amber cutter
Aicher - surveyor;
measurer; calibrator;
supervisor of weights and measurers
Aichmeister - master
surveyor
Akesbaas - barge
shipper
Aksiseher(r) -
(excise) tax overseer (on
council)
Aktuar - accountant;
statistician
Aldermann - alderman;
councilman
Allmendherr,
Allmendsherr - administrator
of common lands
Allmendsvogt - free
farmer elected to oversee
common lands
Almosenpfleger -
almoner; welfare supervisor
(of church congregation)
Alpleiter, Alpmeister,
Alpvogt - elected
leader of an Alpine community
Altarist - church
sexton
Altarmann - assistant
to pastor; sexton
Altbauer - old
established farmer, possibly
on life estate
Altbuerger - old
citizen with full rights
Altbuergermeister -
former mayor
Altbuesser, Altbutzer
- cobbler; shoe repairman
Altenteiler - retired
man, on life estate
Altenteilerin -
retired woman on life estate
Altflicker - repairer
of old shoes; cobbler
Altfrau - female
overseer over the maids
Altfuehrer - co-leader
of a journeyman's
association
Altgeselle - senior
journeyman
Altgewander - repairer
of old clothes
Althaendler -
second-hand dealer
Altherr - oldest man
of an organization;
senior
Althufner - old farmer
who has retired
Altjungfer - old maid;
spinster
Altlapper, Altlepper -
repairer of old shoes;
cobbler
Altmagd - head female
servant
Altreiss - repairer of
old shoes; cobbler
Altschneider -
repairer of old clothes
Altschuster - repairer
of old shoes; cobbler
Altsitzer(in) - person
on life estate
Altwalker - clothes
repairer
Altwander, Altwendter
- clothes repairer;
dealer in used clothing
Ambachtkind - child of
a guild member
Ambachtknecht -
servant or apprentice of
a tradesman
Ambachtsluede -
craftsman
Ambacht(s)note -
handworker; craftsman; guild
member
Ambachtschriver -
official clerk
Amer - admiral
Ammann - official;
bailiff
Ammeister - master of
a guild
Amtleute - officials
Amtmann - district
judge; magistrate; bailiff
Amtsanwalt -
prosecuting attorney
Amtsasse - appointed
office holder in the
provincial assembly who sends a
deputy
Amtsbruder -
colleague, especially religious
Amtsbuettel -
government servant, also police
man
Amtsdiener - servant
Amtsfreier - free
farmer
Amtsgerichtsrat -
local court judge
Amtshauptmann -
district administrative official
Amtsinhaber(in) -
officeholder
Amtskeller - local tax
administrator and
collector of natural revenues; steward
Amtsknecht - court
servant
Amtsmeier - major
farmer with special rights
Amtsmeister - chief
guildmaster; official
Amtsmueller - miller
who pays rent to government
office
Amtsrat(h) - senior
local judge
Amtsrichter - local
judge
Amtsschreiber - local
court clerk
Amtsschoesser - tax
collector of a jurisdiction
Amtsstoerer -
craftsman operating outside
a guild
Amtsverwalter -
administrator
Amtsverweser - deputy;
regent
Amtsvogt - district
judge
Amtsvormund - official
guardian
Anbauer - small farmer
(on land cleared in
the early 19th century); peasant; free villager with small
farm
Angstmann -
executioner; torturer
Anlieger - person on
adjoining property
Anrainer - person on
adjoining property
Anreisser - salesman;
recruiter; machinist
Ansager(in) - announcer
Anschaffer - mayor
Anspaenner - farmer of
a full-sized farm;
horse groom on an estate
Anspinner - textile
piecer
Ansteker - shoemaker
Anstreicher - painter
Antecessor -
predecessor in office
Antistes - Chief
minister of a Reformed city
church; church administrator
Anvald - attorney;
lawyer (checks contracts,
deeds, etc.)
Anwalt - attorney;
lawyer (checks contracts,
deeds, etc., appointed by owner of village)
Anwerber - recruiter
for military or emigration
Anwiser - teacher;
advisor
Apengeter, Apengiesser
- pewterer, can maker
Apfelmann, Apfler -
Apple picker, seller
Apologete - advocate
Apotheker - pharmacist
Appelmann - apple
picker, seller
Arbeiter(in) - worker,
male (female)
Arbeitsfrau - working
woman
Arbeitsmann - working
man
Architekt(in) -
Architect male (female)
Archivangestellte -
archive employee
Archivar(in) -
archivist male(female)
Arcier - (mil.) member
of a bodyguard
Armendeche - almoner
Armendiener - deacon
charged with care of
the poor
Armknecht - serf
Aroeder - new settler
on lands belonging
to and estate
Artmann, Artmeier -
farmer
Arzt - physician;
doctor
Aschenbrenner,
Aescherer - maker of wood-ash
for soap-making purposes
Asega - judge elected
by the people, sworn
to the Emperor
Asenmacher -
axle-maker;( vehicle) frame-maker
Assemaker,
Assenmacher, Assenmaker - axle-maker;(
vehicle) frame-maker
Assessor - juryman;
judge; counselor (not
limited to legal advice); legal assistant
Asshauer - axle-maker
Atten - judge in
farming community; juryman
Aubergist - innkeeper
Auditeur - advocate
general
Auenhaeusler - free
villager with small house
and garden and some livestock
who usually works as a
day laborer; cottager
Auermacher - clockmaker
Aufdinger - loader or
assistant in marketplace;
minor customs official
overseeing loading of
ships
Aufermann, Auffermann
- sexton
Aufpasser - lookout;
spy
Aufschlaeger - loader;
one who levied excise
tax
Aufschwemmer - raftsman
Aufseher - guard;
foreman
Aufspieler - musician
Aufwarter - waiter
Aulenbaecker - potter
Auler - potter
Ausbreiter - one who
beats the bushes for
game; coppersmith
Ausbuerger - citizen
of a town living out
in the countryside who had to pay taxes and provide
military service for
his place of citizenship;
citizen of a town who lived in another town but pays
taxes to keep his
citizenship alive
Ausdinger(in) - person
on a life estate
Ausfaut(h) - notary;
court clerk
Ausgeberin - female
household overseer
Ausgedinger(in) -
person on a life estate
Ausklinger,
Ausklingler - servant or messenger
of council
Amtskultator -
probationary attorney; one
who sits in on a court without voting rights.
Ausmaerker - one
living outside boundaries
of a village but with right to
common pasture and
commons
Ausmann - citizen
living in another town
but pays a sum to keep his
citizenship current;
one who lives elsewhere
Ausmiener - auctioneer
Ausnehmer - person on
a pension; one with
life estate
Ausreuter - riding
messenger for a city
Ausrufer - town crier
Ausschuss - committee;
court assistants
Aussenbuerger -
citizen living outside the
city wall in the new part of the city
Austraegler(in) -
person on pension or life
estate
Auswanderer(in) -
emigrant
Auswartmann - one who
lives elsewhere but
keeps his citizenship current
Ausweisser -
whitewasher; painter
Auswohner - one who
lives elsewhere but keeps
his citizenship current
Auszahler - paymaster
Auszuegler(in) -
person on pension or life
estate
Axmann, Axtmann -
carpenter; ax-smith
Ayer, Ayrer - egg
merchant
Baader - Barber,
also surgeon, dentist - a
"quack"
Baar - Ship's
carpenter; ship maintenance
man
Baas - Innkeeper;
ship's agent; overseer;
boss
Baecker - baker
alternative spelling: Beck
Baeckergesell(e) -
apprentice baker
Baeckermeister -
master baker
Backhausmann - cottager
Backmann - baker
Baedeker - cooper
Bademoem, Bademutter -
midwife
Badener - same as
Baader
Bader - same as Baader
Badewaerter(in) -
lifeguard
Badgiesser - man who
brings bathwater
Baerenwirt(h) -
proprietor of the Bear Inn
(at he sign of the bear)
Baerschneider - pig
castrator
Baetjer - cooper
Bauerle, Bauerli -
farmer; peasant (swiss)
Bahnbeamter - railroad
official
Balbeeder - same as
baader
Balestermacher -
crossbow maker
Ballenbinder - packer
Ballettierer -
ringmaster; master of ceremonies
Ballierer - polisher
Ballmacher - (leather)
ball manufacturer
Ballonnenmacher -
(leather) ball manufacturer
Bamutter - midwife
Bandhauer,-reisser,
-schlaeger, -schneider
- cooper; maker of barrel staves
Bankier - banker
Banquier - Banker
Bannere - bailiff for
services to the lord
Bannerherr -
administrator of the district
of a city;
Bannertraeger -
standard-bearer
Bannherr - lord of the
manor
Banning - court
messenger
Banittker - police or
market clerk
Bannleute - free
citizens under the jurisdiction
of a noble
Bannrichter - criminal
court judge
Banzenmacher - cooper;
maker of beer-vats
Barbier - barber
Barbknecht - barber's
helper
Barchenmeister -
master of seals
Barchetweber - weaver
with a loom at home
Bareler - cooper
Barettmacher -
bonnetmaker
Barfknecht - barber's
helper
Barfuesser -
barefooted friar
Barsemeester - skipper
of as boat without
a mast
Bartscher(er) - barber
Bassist - (mil.) bass
player
Bassuner - trombonist
Bastoever - bathhouse
operator; barber
Baterleinmacher -
rosary maker
Bauconducteur -
contractor for rural construction
Bauer - farmer on a
full-sized farm, owned
or as a tenant; peasant
Bauermeister - leader
of a farm community
Bauerngelde - free
farm owner subject to
tax on land
Bauernrichter -
justice of peace in a farm
community
Bauernschulze -
appointed village mayor of
a farm community
Bauernknecht - farmhand
Bauherr - overseer of
city buildings
Bauknecht - farmhand;
construction worker
Baumann - farmer of a
full-sized farm; worker
in building trades
Baumeister - overseer
of city buildings;
building contractor
Baumgartner,
Baumgaertner - tree nurseryman
Baumhauer - woodcutter
Baumschliesser - toll
collector on turnpike
Baumsiedemacher -
cotton weaver
Baumwollenweber -
cotton weaver
Baumwollenspinner -
cotton spinner
Baumzuechter - tree
nurseryman
Baur, Baeurle,
Baeurli(n) - farmer; peasant
Bauunternehmer -
building contractor
Bauverwalter - farm
administrator
Bauwerker -
construction worker
Beamte, Beamter,
Beamtin - public official
Beauftragter - agent;
delegate
Becherer - turner
Becherwirt(h) - tavern
keeper
Bechler - pitch burner
Beck, Becker - baker
Bechdrechsel,
Beckdrechsler - coppersmith
Beckenwerchte,-werte -
foundry worker
Bederknecht -
bathhouse worker
Bedermann -
established citizen with inherited
property
Bedesetzer - tax
assessor
Bedienstete - servant
of an important person
Bediente(r) - servant
of an important person
Beflissener - student;
student assistant
Begiener - pig
castrator
Begine - lay female
nurse
Behandinge - feudal
tenure of a farm
Behelfer, Behelver -
tutor
Beibauer - farmer on a
new farm, officially
recognized but with few privileges
Beiermann -sexton;
bellringer
Beigeordneter -
assistant; deputy mayor;
assemblyman
Beikramer - peddler;
merchant
Beinberger - maker of
iron rims
Beindreher - turner of
artistic materials
such as ivory
Beingewender - maker
of iron rims
Beinhauer - butcher
Beinknopfmacher - bone
button-maker
Beisass(e) - rental
inhabitant without citizenship
Beischer - whipmaker
Beisitzer - Junior
lawyer; juryman; inhabitant
without land (e.g. a son living with his parents) and
without citizenship
rights or duties
Beitler - leather
purse and glove maker
Beiwohner -
non-citizen in village
Bekemacher, -maker -
cooper
Bellenmacher - (cow)
bell maker
Belter - beltmaker
Bender - cooper
Bendhack - barrel
seller
Bendheuer,
Bendschweicher - cooper
Bendsnider - wheelmaker
Bennemacher - wagoner
Bennenfuehrer -
coachman
Benner - cooper
Bentmaker, Bentsnider
- cooper; maker of
barrel staves
Bereitknecht -
forester's helper
Berenstecher - pig
castrator
Berghauer - miner
Bergholde - vineyard
owner
Bergknappe - miner
Bergler - small farmer
Bergmann - miner
Bergschreiber - mine
clerk
Bergwerkbesitzer -
mine owner
Berichterstatter -
reporter; announcer
Berker - tanner
Bermenter(er) -
parchment maker
Bernschneider - pig
castrator
Berufsbeamte - tenured
civil servant
Berzauter - pig
castrator
Bescheper - shipper
Beschlager - blacksmith
Besemer, Besenbinder,
- broom-maker; broom
seller
Besener, Bessener -
broom-maker; broom seller
Besenmacher -
broom-maker
Besserer - one who
caries out sentences of
small-claims court
Bestaender,
Bestaendner - farmer of a small
farm
Bestanderlasser -
landlord of a small farm
Bestandwirt(h) -
tenant; lessee
Besteder - ship
forwarding agent; shipbuilder
Bestetter - carrier;
freight forwarder
Besucher(in) -
inspector; visitor
Bettelvogt - beadle
Bettfedernhaendler -
feather mattress trader
Bettschart - whipmaker
Bettzi(e)chenweber -
linenweaver
Beuerlein - farmer
Beurtmann - member of
shipowner's association
Beutelmacher, Beutler
- leather purse and
glove maker
Beutner - beekeeper
Bewohner - inhabitant;
dweller in a house,
street, region
Beysass(e) - rental
inhabitant without citizenship
Beysitzer - junior
lawyer; juryman
Bibliothekar(in) -
librarian
Bienhalter, Biener,
Bienenwaerter, Bienenmann
- beekeeper
Bienzeidler - beekeeper
Bierbrauer, Biereigen
- beer-brewer
Bierer - fruit merchant
Bierschenk(er) -
tavernkeeper
Bierschroeter - beer
hauler
Biersieder -
beer-brewer
Bierspuender - beer
inspector
Biesejager - almoner;
policeman
Bildhauer - sculptor
Bildschnitzer -
woodcarver
Bildweber - picture
weaver
Billetsherr -
councilman in charge of billeting
soldiers
Billiter, Billetierer
- (mil.) quartermaster
Binder - cooper
Birmenter - parchment
maker
Birnmenger - pear
trader
Bisser - dentist
Bitschenmacher -
cooper; cupmaker
Biwohner - rental
inhabitant without citizenship
Blankschmidt - smith
(makes shiny blades,
etc.)
Blattbinder -combmaker
Blattervater -
hospital administrator
Blattmacher -
papermaker
Blecharbeiter,
Blechler, Blechschlaeger -
tinworker; plumber
Bleicher - bleacher
Bleigiesser -
leadpourer; pewterer
Bletzer, Bletzler -
cobbler
Blicksleger -
tinworker; plumber
Blidenme(e)ster -
master of ordnance
Blocker - tailor
Blockkdreher,-dreier -
turner
Bluethner, Bluetner -
flower merchant
BM - abbr. for
Buechsenmacher (gunsmith);
Buergermeisteramt (Mayor's Office)
bm. v. r. d. st. -
abbr. for Buergermeister
und Rat der Stadt (mayor and
council of the city)
Bmstr. - abbr. for
Baumeister (building contractor
)
BO - abbr. for
Bombardier (artillery man)
Boeck - baker
Boecker - cooper
Bockwirt(h) -
innkeeper of the Ram Inn
Boddeker, Boeddecker,
Boedeker - cooper
Bode - shipbuilder;
government messenger
Bodel - beadle
Boedener - cottager
Boenhase - craftsman
operating outside a
guild
Boerger - citizen
Boertschiffer -
shipper with regular route;
member of shippers' organization
Boesselmaker -
brushmaker
Boessler - cutter
Boeter - shipowner
Beottcher, Boetticher
- cooper
Bogner - bowmaker
Bohrer - driller
Bohrerschmi(e)d(t) -
drillsmith
Bokemueller - flax
miller
Bokverwa(h)er -
librarian
Bolsmann - farmer with
a full-sized farm
Bolzendreher -
boltmaker
Bombasineweber -
cotton weaver
Bomhauer - maker of
saddle trees
Bomsidenmaker - cotton
weaver
Bootsmann - boatman;
pilot
Bordenwerker(in) -
border seamster, -stress
Bordmagd - female
servant
Bornfeger - well
cleaner
Borngraeber -
well-digger
Bornmacher -
well-digger
Bornmeister - well
supervisor
Bornzieher - water
carrier
Bortenmacher - lace
maker; lace border maker
Bossierer - (porcelain
former)
Botaniker(in) -
botanist
Botenmeister -
postmaster
Bothe, Bott - messenger
Botschafter -
ambassador
Bottelier - ship's
provisions officer
Bottmeister - chief
messenger
Br. - abbr. for Braut
(bride); Buerger (citizen);
Bruder (brother)
Brachervog(e)t -
almoner
Bracker - (officially
appointed) cattle broker
Braemelmacher -
haberdasher
Braeutigam -
bridegroom; newlywed man esp.
on wedding day
Brandmeister - fire
chief
Brandweinbrenner -
(brandy) distiller
Brandweinschenker -
liquor retailer
Branntweinbrenner -
(brandy) distiller
Branntweinschenker-
liquor retailer
Braueigen, Brauer,
Brauherr - brewer
Brauknecht - brewer's
helper
Brautkind - child born
to an engaged couple
Brechenmacher -
flaxworker
Brecher - quarry worker
Breier - brewer
Breinmueller - millet
miller
Breisler - Border maker
Brenker - one who
lives on the edge of a
village near a grassy hill called a
Brink
Brenneisen, Brenner -
smith; stoker
Brennerknecht -
distiller's apprentice; smith's
apprentice
Brennmeister - master
distiller
Brenntlerin - Alpine
dairy maid
Brettschneider - sawyer
Bretzenmacher - clap
maker
Breyer - brewer
Briechler - linen
merchant
Briefbote - postman
Briefdrucker - printer
of woodcuts
Brieftraeger(in) -
letter carrier
Brinker, Brinklieger,
Brinkmann, Brinksitzer,
Brinkkoet(h)ner - cottager on
the edge of a village
near a grassy hill
called a Brink
Briser - border maker
Brodbeck - bread baker
Brodfuehrer - bread
merchant with a cart
Brotlbauer - farmer
obliged to provide room
and board for a servant
Brotling - person
directly dependent on lord
for room and board
Brotmacher - worker in
sugar industry
Bruechler -
(door-to-door) peddler; ribbon
seller
Bruchschneider -
physician; surgeon
Bruchvogt - court
servant
Brueckenzoller,
Brueckner - bridge tollmaster
Bruck(n)er - bridge
builder; mason
Bruger - brewer
Brunnenbauer -
well-builder
Brunnenmeister - well
supervisor; welldigger
Brunnenpalier - well
supervisor
Brunnenreiniger - well
cleaner
Brustschneider -
corset maker
Brutkind - child born
prior to marriage
Bub(e) - boy;
apprentice
Bubenmeister - teacher
Bubnick - drummer
Buchbinder - bookbinder
Buchdrucker - printer
Buchdruckerfaktor -
master printer
Buecheraltreiss -
antiquarian bookseller
Buchfeller - parchment
maker
Buchfuehrer - book
merchant (with a pushcart)
Buchhaendler -
bookseller
Buchhalter - bookkeeper
Buchmaler - book
illustrator
Buechsenmacher -
gunsmith
Buechsenmann,
Buechsenschuetz - watchman
with a rifle
Buechsenmeister -
co-leader of journeyman's
association; watchman (with a rifle)
Buechsenschmi(e)d -
gunsmith
Buechsenspanner - gun
loader
Buecksner - container
and gun maker
Buchstaber - weaver of
monograms and sayings
Bueddenbender - cooper
Buedeker - cooper
Budelbereeder -
executor; (inheritance) administrator
Buedelmaker - leather
purse and glove maker
Bued(e)ner - small
farmer; stallkeeper; ;merchant
(in market place booth or small shop)
Bueglerin - female
ironer
Buerger(in)- -full
citizen; (middle -class)
burgher
Buergknecht - worker
with pick and shovel)
Bueroangestellte(r) -
office worker; white-collar
worker
Buerochef(in) - office
manager
Buerstenmacher -
brushmaker
Buessenschaffer -
guild treasurer
Buethener - beekeeper
Buettgesell(e) - paper
maker; paper worker
Buettler, Buettner -
cooper
Buhmann - farmer
Buitenmo(e)der -
(female) administrator
Bumann - farmer
Bundtfutterer - furrier
Bungenschlager -
drummer
Buntendrager -
door-to-door cloth peddler
Buntfaerber - fabric
dyer
Buntfoder(er),
Buntmacher - furrier
Buerovorsteher(in) -
office manager
Burpar(r)herr -
village pastor
Burrichter - justice
of the peace in a farming
community
Buessenschuett(e) -
gunner
Butendreger -
(door-to-door) medicine salesman
Butenfahrer - sailor
Butenrecht(es)mann -
district judge
Butenwever - weaver
working outside the guild
Butenwohner - one who
lives outside the village
Bueter - barterer
Butheler - nailsmith
Butigler - royal
official
Butscher (Pennsylvania
Dutch) - butcher
Buettel, Butteler -
servant; butler; court
messenger
Butteler - waiter
Buttermann -
buttermaker
Buw(e)mann - farmer;
citizen; worker in building
trades
Cafetier(er) - cafe
proprietor
Caffamacher - velvet
weaver
Cammerarius - valet;
groom
Canonier - cannon
gunner
Car. - abbr. for
Caribiner (rifleman)
Caribinier - rifleman
Casier - cheesemaker
Chasseur -
(mil.)rifleman
Chausseearbeiter -
road worker
Chelista - violinist;
fiddler
Chemiker(in) - chemist
Chir. - abbr. for
Chirurg (surgeon)
Chirurg - surgeon, for
minor wounds, animal
kicks, etc.
Chirurgus - surgeon
Chymiater - alchemist
Chyrurgus - surgeon
Clausurmacher -
manufacturer of clasps
Conterfetter -
portrait painter
Corbo - basketweaver
Cornet(t) - cavalry
flagbearer
Cossat(e) - cottager
with little land
Craemer, Craer, Cramer
(also with "K÷)
- small grocer; shopkeeper; merchant; trader from
backpack
Credenzer - waiter;
innkeeper
Cronenwirt(h) -
proprietor of the Crown Inn
Curand - guardian, ward
(German = Muendel)
Curandus - Muendel,
Pflegesohn
Curschmied - blacksmith
Ebentuerer - jewel
merchant
Echterling,
Echtermann, Echtermeier - farmer
who lives behind the village
Ehemakler - marriage
broker
Ehemittler(in) -
matchmaker
Ehestifter(in) -
matchmaker
Ehrenbuerger(in),
Ehrenb’rger(in) - honorary
citizen
Ehrenmitglied -
honorary member
Eichmeister - adjuster
Eierhaendler - egg
merchant
Eiersammler - egg
gatherer
Eierhaendler - egg
merchant
Eigengaertner,
Eigeng„rtner - cottager with
a garden of his own
Eienhaeuser(in)- one
who owns his/her own
home
Eigenkaetner,
-koetner, -koetter, - cottager
with a garden of his own
Eigenmann - serf;
vassal
Eigenthuemer(in),
-th’mer(in) - property
owner
Einberufener -
conscript
Einlieger(in) - free
agricultural laborer
Einnehmer - tax
collector
Einspaenner - farmer
with one horse; outsider;
odd character; grass widower
Eisengiesser - iron
founder
Eisenhaendler,-
ironmonger
Eisenhauer -
blacksmith; iron hewer
Eisenmenger -
ironmonger
Eisenschmi(e)d -
blacksmith
Erbpaechter -
hereditary tenant
Erchmacher - (white)
tanner
Erdarbeiter -
earthworker (builder of canals
and dikes)
Erdebaecker - potter
Eremit - hermit
Ersatzmann - paid
replacment soldier
Eschenbrenner - maker
of wood-ash for soapmaking,
fertilizer, etc.
Essigbrauer,
Essigfabrikant - vinegar maker
Essigmann, Essig-,
Essigmanger, Essig-, Essigmenger
- vinegar merchant
Euler, Eulner - potter
Exempt - (mil.) rank
of bodyguard
Exkolon - retired
farmer
Exner - small farmer
with only oxen, no horses
Expectant - student at
a religious institution
Fabrikant -
manufacturer; factory owner, mill
owner
Fabrikarbeiter -
facotry, mill-worker
Fabrikbesitzer -
factory, mill owner
Fabrikschlosser,
-scholžer - factory maintenance
man
Fachmann - specialist;
expert
Fachreferent(in) -
consusltant
Faehndrich, Faehnrich
- ensign; flagbearer
Faehrmann - ferryman
Faehrpaechter - ferry
renter
Faenger - hunter
Faerber - dyer
Faessler - cooper;
vatmaker
Faehndrich - ensign;
flagbearer
Fahnentraeger;
Fahnentr„ger - ensign; flagbearer
Fahnenwirt(h) -
innkeeper of the Flag Inn
(at the sign of the flag)
Faehnrich - ensign;
flagbearer
Fahrender - juggler;
jester
Fahrenheinz - vagabond
Fahrensmann - seaman;
seafarer
Fahrer(in) - driver
Fahrlehrer(in) -
driving instructor
Faehrmann - ferryman
Faehrpaechter - ferry
renter
Fait(h) - bailiff;
sheriff; constable; local
representatvie of the ruler
Faktor -
administrator; manager
Falconi(er)meister -
master falcon er
Falk(e), Falkner -
falconer
Familiant - servant
Familiare - s;ave'
serf (member of the household)
Familienforscher -
family reseacher; genealogist
Familienkundler -
family reseacher; genealogist
Faerber - dyer
Farcher - hog merchant
Fasanenmeister -
master of pheasants
Fassbinder, Fasshauer,
Faessler - cooper
Fassschlupfer - cooper
Fasszieher - carrier
Fastbaecker - baker of
brown bread
Fa(u)th - bailiff;
sheriff; constable; local
representative of the ruler
Fechner - fur trader
Federbedienter -
community official
Federschm’cker,
-schmuecker - featherworker;
plumassier
Federschneider -
(quill) penmaker
Federviehhaendler,
-h„ndler - poultry dealer
Fehnrich - ensign;
flagbearer
Feilbeck - baker with
own bakery
Feilenhauer, Feiler,
Feilhauer, Feilner -
file maker
Feilpeddler,
Feiltraeger - peddler (with
sack or rucksack)
Feilschlaechter -
butcher with a butchershop
Feiltraeger -
riflemaker
Felbaweber - silkweaver
Feldbauer - grain
farmer
Feldgeschworener -
settler of boundary disputes.
FeldhueterFeldschuetz
- field watchman
Feldjaeger - courier
Feldkaplan - (mil.)
field chaplain
Feldm. - abbr. for
Feldmarschall
Feldmarschall - field
marshall
Feldmeister - skinner;
flayer
Feldprediger - (mil.)
field chaplain
Feldreiter - policeman
Feldrichter -
arbitrator of field disputes
Feldscher(er) -
assistant medical officer
Feldw. - abbr. of
Feldwebel
Feldwe(i)bel - (mil)
noncommissioned officer;
sergeant (major); sergeant (first class)
Felgenhauer - (wooden)
wheel rim maker
Fellbereiter - currier
Feller, Fellhaendler -
fur trader
Felllmann - animal
hide skinner
Fellwerkbereiter -
furrier
Fenner - ensign;
flagbearer
Fensterputzer -
window-washer
Ferber - dyer
Ferd(e)menger - horse
trader
Ferge - ferryman
Festbaecker - baker of
dark large loaves
of bread
Fetthake, Fettmengen -
lard merchant
Feuerer - stoker
Feuergeschworener -
fire engine maintenance
man
Feuermaeuerkehrer -
chimney sweep
Feulner - filemaker
Feurer - stoker
Fiarant - merchant at
a market
Fiaulmacher -
wheelwright
Fickenwirt(h) -
pursemaker
Fidler - fiddller;
violinist
Fiedler - fiddler;
violinist
Filterer - feltmaker
Findel - foundling;
abandoned infant
Fischbeinhaendler -
whalebone trader
Fischer(mann) -
fisherman
Fischmenger -
fishmonger
Fischweicher - seller
of dried fish
Fiskal - tax inspector
Fitzer - artistic
weaver
FJg. - abbr. for
Feldjaeger
FK - abbr for
Freikorporal (Free Corporal)
Flachshaendler - flax
trader
Flachsmenger - flax
trader
Flader - pastry baker
Flaeminger - tanner
Flaeschner - plumber
Flaeminger - tanner
Flaschenmacher -
bottlemaker
Flaschner, Flaeschner
- plumber
Fleischbeschauer -
meat inspector
Fleisch-er, -hacker,
-hauer, -mann - butcher,
meatcutter
Flickschneider -
repairer of clothes
Flickschuster -
cobbler; shoe repairman
Flieger - aviator
Flintfiller -
stonemason
Flitterer - gold leaf
maker
Floesser - raftsman
Fluechtling - refugee
Flurschuetz(e) - field
watch, forester
Flyerin - (female)
wool-spinning machine
operator
Focker - merchant
Foeniseca - mower,
cutter
Foerster, Forster,
Forstner - forester; forest
ranger
Folterer, Folterknecht
- torturer
Forense - absentee
lord of and estate
Formdreher, Former
Formschneider - formcutter;
molder
Forscher(in) -
researcher
Forstverwalter -
forest superindendent
Fotograf(in) -
photographer
Fotograph(in) -
photographer
Fotzenstecher - animal
castrator
Fourier - quartermaster
FP - abbr. for
Feldprediger, field chaplain
Frachter, Fraechter,
Frachtfahrer - freight
hauler
Fraele - midwife
Fragner - merchant
Freibauer - free
farmer with only small rent
payments
Freibeuter - pirate,
buccaneer
Freibote - court
messenger
Freigraf - magistrate
Freiherr - ruler not
subject to anyone but
the Emperor; baron
Freiknecht - renderer;
knacker
Freimann - tramp
Freimaurer -
Freemason; member of the Masonic
Lodge
Freisasse - farmer on
Freisassenhof, a farm
largely free
from tithes
Freischulze - village
mayor and founder of
a farming community
Freischuster -
nonn-guild cobbler
Freiwaechter - soldier
released from duty
but kept in reserve; National Guardsman
Fremdarbeiter(in) -
foreign worker
Fremde(r) - stranger;
person from elsewhere
Friedhofswaerter -
cemetery employee
Friedmacher - plasterer
Frischmeister - master
iron founder
Friseur - male barber;
hairdresser
Friseuse - female
hairdresser
Froehner, Froender,
Froener - one doing forced
labor for the ruler
Froehner, Froener -
one doing forced labor
for the ruler
Frohne - court
messenger
Fruchthaendler - fruit
trader; grain trader
Frumwerker - day
laborer
Fucker(er), Fugger(er)
- wholesaler
Fuderer - cattle feeder
Fuehrer -guide;
leader; hauler; local official
Fuehrerin - female
guide, leader
Fuetterer - servant
who feeds cattle
Fuhrmann - freight
handler; carrier; carter
Fuhrunternehmer -
freight hauler
Fuker - wholesaler
Fussknecht -
infantryman; foot soldier
Fuetter - cattle feed
merchant
Futterknecht - servant
who feeds cattle
G & H UNDER
CONSTRUCTION
Imber - herb
merchant
Imitraeger - cooper
Imker - beekeeper
Impfartz - vaccinating
physician
Infrau - female
inhabitant
Ingrossist - tax
collector
Ingwer - spice merchant
Inhaber(in) -
proprietor
Inlaender(in) -
citizen, non-foreigner
Inlieger, Inligger -
tenant; lodger
Inmann - male
inhabitant
Innungsmeister -
master of a local guild
Innungsmitglied -
member of a local guild
Innungsobermeister -
chief master of a local
guild
In(n)wohner -
inhabitant
Insasse - male
hospital patient; inhabitant
Insassin - female
hospital patient; inhabitant
Insgesessene(r) -
non-citizen tenant
Inste - renter; hired
help; pensioner; craftsman
with no land
Instmann - farm
worker; hired help; pensioner;
craftsman with no land
Interimswirt(h) -
farmer who marries into
a farm (by marrying the widow or heiress)
Ipser - house painter;
decorator
Ircher - goat leather
tanner
Jaeger - hunter;
(mil.) rifleman
JAG - abbr. for
Feldj„ger-Korps (Courier
Corps)
Jagdgehilfe - hunting
helper
Jaeger - hunter;
(mil.) rifleman
Jahrmeister -
guildmaster
Jammer - epilepsy
Jaufer, Jaufmann -
itinerant juggler
Jgfr., Jngfr. - abbr.
for Jungfrau (Miss;
virgin)
Jobstkrankheit -
leprosy
Johanniter - Maltese
Knights
jong Gezel - bachelor;
young journeyman
Jugendrichter -
juvenile court judge
Jungmann - young male
servant
Junker - young
nobleman (Prussian army officer);
country squire
Jurist - lawyer; law
student
Justizbeamte -
judicial official
Kabinettmeister -
administrator
Kabuzenbauer - cabbage
farmer
Kacheler, Kachler,
Kaechler - tilemaker;
tile-layer; potter
Kaehler - collier;
coal merchant
Kaelker - limeburner
Kaemifaeger -
chimneysweep
Kaemmerer, Kaemmerin -
steward; treasurer;
buttler
Kaemmerling - domestic
servant; valet
Kaendler - canmaker;
gutter repairer
Kaercher - wagonmaker
Kaerrner - freight
hauler (by cart)
Kaesebaecker -
cheesemaker
Kaeshaendler,Kaeser -
cheese trader
Kaesmacher -
cheesemaker
Kaestenbrenner -
chestnut roaster
Kaestner - steward;
treasurer; carpenter
Kaet(h)ner - cottager
with samll house, garden,
a little land for cattle or anaimals
Kaeufel, Kaeufeler -
small merchant; peddler
Kaeufer - merchant
Kaeufler - small
merchant; peddler
Kaffhaarmacher -
velvet weaver
Kafiller - renderer;
knacker
Kagelbruder -
fishmonger
Kageler, Kagelmacher,
Kagelmann - tilemaker;
tile-layer; potter
Kaehler - collier;
coal merchant
Kahnsmann - bargeman
Kallchborner - chalk
burner
Kalfakter, Kalfaktor -
boilerman; caretaker
Kaltschlaechter -
renderer; knacker
Kaltschmi(e)d -
coppersmith
Kamesierer - peddler
Kaminfeger -
chimneysweep
Kammerbeamte(r) -
treasury clerk
Kammerbedienter - valet
Kammerdame - maid
Kammerdiener - valet
Kaemmerer - treasurer;
butler
Kammerherr -
chamberlain
Kaemmerin - treasurer;
butler (female)
Kammerjungfer -
chambermaid
Kammerjunker -
chamberlain
Kammerlakai - servant
of the court; lackey
Kaemmerling - domestic
servant; valet
Kammermaedchen,
-maedchen - chambermaid
Kammermeister -
internal revenue administrator
Kammerpaechter,
-paechter - crown-land tenant
Kammerportier -
domestic servant
Kammersteward - ship's
cabin steward
Kammerzofe -
chambermaid
Kampelmacher -
combmaker
Kampheuerling - tenant
of a farm belonging
to nobility
Kanalarbeiter - canal
worker
Kandelgiesser - (tin
or pewter) can founder
Kandler, Kaendler -
(tin or pewter) can founder;
gutter repairer
Kanefassmacher -
canvas weaver
Kannengiesser - (tin
or pewter) can founder
Kantengiesser - (tin
or pewter) can founder
Kanzelredner - preacher
Kanzleibeamte(r),
-bote - government official
Kanzleidiener -
government servant
Kanzleischreiber -
chancery clerk
Kanzleivorsteher -
head chancery clerk
Kanzlist - chancery
clerk
Kapauner - animal
castrator
Kapellmeister -
bandleader
Kaplan - chaplain;
clergyman in a chapel
Kappenmacher - capmaker
Kappusmann - cabbage
merchant
Karbender - wheelwright
Karchelzieher -
freight hauler
Karcher - freight
hauler in a cart
Kaercher - wagonmaker
Karpe - carpenter
Karrer - carter
Kaerrner - freight
hauler (in a cart)
Kartenmaler - painter
for (religious) woodcuts
Karter - wool carder
Kartzin - money changer
Kaesebaecker -
cheesemaker
Kaesehaendler - cheese
merchant
Kaeser, Kaesmacher -
cheesemaker
Kassengehilfe,
-gehuelfe - sales clerk
Kassi(e)rer(in) -
cashier
Kastellein - innkeeper
Kaestenbrenner -
chestnut roaster
Kastenkeller - tax
official
Kastenmeister -
administrator of a church
office
Kaestner - steward;
treasurer; carpenter
Kat(h)enmann -
cottager with small house,
garden, a little land for animals
Kaet(h)ner - cottager
with small house, garden,
a little land for animals
Kattunweber - cotton
weaver
Kaeufel - small
merchant
Kauffrau - business
woman; female shopkeeper
Kaeufler - small
merchant; peddler
Kaufmann - merchant
Kauwarz - moneylender
Kaviller - renderer;
knacker
Kedde - peasant master
Keifer, Keiffer -
cooper
Keiper - captain of a
fishing boat
Keller - wine steward
Kellereiverwalter -
administrator of the
winecellar
Kellerherr - wine
steward
Kellermeister - keeper
of the winecellar
Kellerwart - cooper
Kellner - waiter,
receiver of revenues; steward
Kellnerin - waitress
Keltermacher -
winepress maker
Kemmetfeger,
Kenderkehrer - chimneysweep
Kendler - canmaker
Kerkermeister - jailer
Kerzenmeister -
chairman of a guild
Kerzenzieher - chandler
Kesselflicker -
itinerant kettle repairman;
soothsayer and medicine man
Kesselschmi(e)d -
boilermaker
Kesskaiffer - cheese
merchant
Kessler, -
kettlemaker; coppersmith
Kestner - steward;
treasurer
Ketelbuter - pot
repairer
Kettenmacher,
Kettenschmi(e)d - chainmaker
Kettler - kettlemaker
Kettner - chainmaker
Keuschler - small
farmer
Kiefer, Kieffer -
cooper
Kindelmutter - midwife
Kinderarzt(in) -
pediatrician
Kindererzieherin -
female teacher of young
children
Kinderfraeulein, -
governess
Kinderfrau - nanny
Kindermaedchen,
-maedchen - nanny
Kinderschwester -
children's nurse
Kindervater male -
obstetrician
Kinderzieher(in) -
tutor
Kirchenbeter - church
tax collector
Kirchenbuchfuehrer(in)
- one in charge of
church books ; church book keeper
Kirchencensor - church
censor (guardian of
morals)
Kichendiener - church
sexton
Kichenfuerst, - prelate
Kirchengeschworener -
chuch juryman
Kirchenjuraten -
church juryman
Kirchenlehrer(in) -
church teacher
Kirchenmeyer -
administrator of church farm
property
Kirchenpfleger -
church caretaker
Kirchenprovisor -
administrator of church
farm property
Kirchenrat(h) - church
council
Kirchenschoeffe -
church lay juryman
Kirchenvater - church
administrator
Kirchenvogt - lay
administrator of church
property
Kirchenvorsteher -
chairman of the church
council; deacon
Kircher - sexton;
pastor
Kirchner - sexton
Kirchschaffner -
administrator of church
farm property
Kirchspielshauptmann -
president of church
congregation
Kirchspielsrichter -
chairman of church congregation
Kirchvater - church
father; presbyter; church
elder
Kistenmacher - maker
of boxes; woodworker
Klagbote - lawyer
Klagfuehrer - lawyer
Klaiber - stucco worker
Klammer, Klampferer -
plumber
Klausner - hermit;
recluse
Kleber - stucco worker
Klecker - painter
Kleenschmi(e)d -
blacksmith
Kleiber - stucco worker
Kleidermacher - maker
of clothes
Kleinbauer - farmer
with a small farm
Kleinbinder,
Kleinboettcher - cooper for
small barrels
Kleinhaendler -
retailer
Kleinknecht - young
helper; apprentice
Kleinkoetner, -koetter
- cottager with a
small house, garden and a little land for
animals
Kleinschmi(e)d(t) -
locksmith
Kleinschnitzler -
detail carver
Klempner - plumber;
tinsmith
Kleriker - cleric;
clergyman
Klerk - writer; clerk
Klingelschmid(t) -
bellmaker
Klingenkaufmann -
cutlery merchant
Klingenschmid(t) -
bellmaker
Klinger - blacksmith
Klippkraemer - cork
merchant
Kloeckner - church
sexton; bellringer
Kloterer - juggler
Klozenmacher,
Klozenkorkenmacher - cork maker
Kluengelkerl, - scrap
dealer
Knaebin - woman's
helper (female)
Knaeufler - button
maker
Knakenhauer - butcher
Knapsack - peddler
Knaufelmacher,
Knaeufler - button maker
Knecht - servant;
farmhand; apprentice; errand
boy; laborer
Kneipwirt(h) -
proprietor of a tavern; alehouse
keeper
Knepsche - weaver's
helper (female)
Kneveler - beer hauler
Knieriem(en) -
shoemaker
Knochenhauer - butcher
Knoespler -
wooden-shoe maker
Knopfmacher(in) -
button maker
Knoespler -
wooden-shoe maker
Kobelhirt - horse groom
Koebler - cooper;
farmer of a small farm
Koch(in) - cook; chef
Koebler - cooper;
farmer of a small farm
Koechin - female cook
Koehler - charcoal
burner
Koelschenweber -
clothweaver
Koepfler - pig
castrator
Koerb(l)er - basket
maker; seller of baskets
Koerner - granary
protector; dealer in grains
Koer(t)zener - furrier
Koester, Koesterius -
church sexton
Koestner - steward
Koet(h)ner - cottager
with a small house,
garden and a little land for animals
Koggenbuwer -
shipbuilder
Kohlenbrenner, Kohler,
Koehler - charcoal
burner
Kohlhoeker -
greengrocer
Koller - leather
harnessmaker
Kolon(e) - settler;
farmer of a crop farm
with hereditary tithe
Kolonist - settler;
colonist
Kolporteur -
door-to-door salesman
Koelschenweber -
clothweaver
Komiss, Kommerziant,
Kommis(s) - merchant's
clerk on commission
Kommissarius - clerk
on commission
Kompassmacher -
compass maker
Konditor - pastry-maker
Konduktor - estate
tenant
Konstabler -
constable; (mil.) gunner
Konstrukteur - engineer
Kontorbediente(r),Kontorist(in)
- clerk;
office worker
Koolke - colic
Koopmann - merchant
Kopenhauer - cooper
Kopersmid - coppersmith
Koepfler - pig
castrator
Kopfwuestigkeit -
influenza
Koppelknecht - horse
groom
Kopperschmid -
coppersmith
Koerber, Korbflechter,
Koebler, Korbmacher
- basket weaver
Korduan - shoemaker,
with goat's leather
Koerner - granary
protector; dealer in grains
Kornfuehrer - grain
dealer with a cart
Kornhaendler - grain
trader
Kornhausverwalter -
granary administrator
Kornmann - granary
protector; dealer in grains
Kornmesser - grain
measurer
Kornmueller - grain
miller
Korssenmeister -
furrier
Koer(t)zener - furrier
Kossat(e), Kossatin -
cottager with a small
house, garden and a little land for animals
Kostgaenger - boarder
Kote - cottager with a
small house, garden
and a little land for animals
Kot(h)mann - cottager
with a small house,
garden and a little land for animals
Koet(h)ner - cottager
with a small house,
garden and a little land for animals
Kotsass, Kotasse,
Kotsasse - cottager with
a small house, garden and a little land for
animals
Kotter, Koetter -
cottager with a small house,
garden and a little land for animals
Kotzenmacher -
coatmaker
Kotzenweber - loden
cloth weaver
Kraemer - merchant;
peddler
Kraemper - peddler
Kraeutler- bontanist;
pharmacist
Krameramt -
shopkeeper's guild
Krammoder - mid-wife
Krankenpfleger(in) -
caregiver for the sick
Krankenschwester -
female nurse
Krankenwaerter(in) -
orderly; practical nurse
Kratzenmacher - basket
weaver
Krautkraemer, -kramer
- druggist
Krebisser - shell
fisherman
Krebsgeschwuer -
cancer sore
Kreisrat - county
commissioner
Kreisser - forest
supervisor
Kremer - grocer; small
merchant; shopkeeper
Krenke - epilepsy
Kretschmer, Kretschner
- innkeeper
Kreuzschmi(e)d -
swordsmith; silversmith
Kreuzwirt(h) -
inkeeper of the Cross Inn
Kriebelkrankheit -
cramp
Kriegsknecht -
mercenary
Krippenmacher - maker
of cribs
Kripps, Krips -
influenza
Kroeger, Krogmann -
innkeeper
Kroemke - peddler
Kronanwalt - attorney
general
Kronenwirt(h) -
innkeeper of the Crown Inn
Krudener, Kruedener -
pharmacist
Krueger - innkeeper
Krueppel - cripple;
lame person
Krummholzhaendler -
scrub timber dealer
Krueselkerl - tin
founder
Kuebler - cooper
Kuechlebaecker,
Kuchenbaecker, -baeker -
pastry baker
Kuechenmeister - chef;
master of the kitchen
Kuechenschreiber -
master chef
Kuderer - flax merchant
Kuebler - cooper
Ku(e)her - cowherd;
dairyman
Ku(e)hhirt(in) -
cowherd
Kuehlmann - field
watchman
Kuemmer - cooper
Kuemmichkehrer -
chimneysweep
Kuemper - cooper
Kuenstler(in) - artist
Kueper - cooper
Kueperholzmacher -
barrelstave maker
Kueppenbender,
Kueppers - cooper
Kueppler(in) -
matchmaker
Kuerbenzeiner - baskt
weaver
Kuerschner - furrier
Kuester(in) - sexton;
church custodian; pastor's
assistant
Kueter - butcher
Kuefer, Kuffer,
Kuefler - cooper
Kuhbauer - farmer with
a cow
Kueher, Kuhhirt(e) -
male cowherd
Kuhhirtin, Kuehhirtin
- female cowherd
Kuhlengraeber -
gravedigger
Kuehlmann - field
watchman
Kulitze- -furrier
Kummeder - saddler
Kuemmer - cooper
Kumper - tanner
Kuemper - cooper
Kunstdrechsler -
(ivory) turner
Kuenstler(in) - artist
Kunstmaler(in) - artist
Kunstmeister - master
organ builder
Kuper, Kueper - cooper
Kueperholzmacher -
barrel stave maker
Kupferdrucker -
copperplate printer
Kupferschmi(e)d -
coppersmith
Kupferstecher - copper
engraver; etcher
Kueppenbender,
Kueppers - cooper
Kueppler(in) -
matchmaker
Kuerbenzeiner - basket
weaver
Kurdewaener -
shoemaker (with cordovan leather)
Kurkeler - corkmaker
Kurschmi(e)d -
blacksmith; farrier
Kuerschner, Kursener -
furrier
Kuester(in) - sexton
Kueter - butcher
Kutschenbauer -
wagonbuilder
Kutscher - coachman
Kuttelwamper - tripe
seller
Kutter - cutter
Kuttler - offal seller
L & M DO NOT
EXIST
Muehl Arzt - Mill
Repairman (this name only
existed up to about 1750 and perhaps only in the area around
Hessen.
Muehlarzt (in other documents also called *Windmuehl-Richter*)
Muendel - curandel
Nachlasspfleger(in)
- trustee of estate
Nachlassverwalter(in)
- executor; administrator
Nachtwaechter - night
watchman (sometimes
held in ill repute)
Nadelmacher, Nadelmann
- needlemaker
Nadler - needlemaker;
haberdasher
Naehdirne - sewing girl
Naeher - seamster
Naeherin - seamstress
Naetler - needlemaker
Nagel, Nagelschmi(e)d,
Nagler - nailmaker
Naeher - seamster
Naeherin - seamstress
Naetler - needlemaker
Neiler, Neilschmieder
- needlemaker
Nestler - shoelace
maker
Netzmacher - (fish)
net maker
Neubuaer - farmer on
land newly cleared (18th
century)
Neubuerger(in),
Neub’rger(in) - new citizen
Neuschwander - person
living on a newly burnt-out
(cleared) place
Neuwohner - new
inhabitant
Noldener - needlemaker
Nonne(n)macher -
animal castrator
Nosterer - rosary maker
Notar - (government)
notary
Noterbe - (mandatory)
heir
Nothzeuge - emergency
witness
Nottaufe - emergency
baptism (by a layman)
Nudelmann - needlemaker
Nuesch(e)ler - belt
maker
Nuess(e)ler, - maker
of nut oil
Nufeler - tweed maker
Nuldener - needle maker
Obdachlose(r) -
homeless person
Obentuerer, Obent’rer
- diamond merchant
Oberamtmann -
(government) administrator
Oberfeldwebel -
warrant officer
Oberfoerster,
Oberf÷rster - chief
forester
Oberkoch - male master
chef
Oberkoechin,- female
master chef
Oberkueper - cooper
Obermann -
superintendent
Obermeister - master
of a guild
Obermueller - miller
(at the upper mill)
Oberpfarrer - chief
pastor
Oberrabbiner - chief
rabbi
Obesser - fruit
merchant
Obervogt - chief local
government official;
bailiff
Oberst - (mil.) colonel
Obmann - chairman
Ob(t)ser - fruit picker
Obstler - fruitpicker;
fruit seller
Obstverkaeufer(in) -
fruit merchant
Ochsenknecht - oxen
tender
Oechsner - small
farmer with only oxen, no
horses
Oeconom - small
farmer; farm manager; steward;
innkeeper, economist
Oehler, Oehlmann - oil
maker; oil seller
Oekonom - small
farmer; farm manager; steward;
innkeeper, economist
Oelmann - oil miller;
oil merchant
Ofener - stovefitter
Ofenfabrikant - stove
maker
Ofengrgraeber - stoker
Ofensetzer -
stovefitter
Ofenwaerter - furnace
operator
Offermann - church
sexton
Ohlenmacher - potter
Oelmann - oilmaker;
oil seller
Olboeter - shoe
repairer; cobbler
Oldkitter - shoe
cobbler
Oleymann - oil merchant
Oelmann - oil miller;
oil merchant
OM - abbr. for
Obermeister (master of a guild)
Omentraeger - freight
hauler
Opperknecht -
apprentice bricklayer
Oppermann - church
sexton
Ordner - file organizer
Orgelbauer, Org(e)ler
- organbuilder
Orleymacher -
watchmaker
Ortsbewohner - local
resident(s)
Ortsbuerger - citizen
of a place
Ortschmi(e)d -
toolsmith
Ortsgeistliche(r) -
local pastor; local clergy
OZD - abbr. for
Oberzolldirektor ("chief
customs director:)
Pau(c)ken -
swelling; tumor (growth)
Pest - plague;
pestilence
Pestbeule - pestilence
sore
Pestblattern -
pestilence sores
Petetchen - typhoid
fever
Pfies - skin
growth*Pfnuesel, Pfnusel, Pfnuesel
- head cold
Pfneche - asthma*Pipf
- influenza
Phronesia - insanity
Popf, nuernbergischer
- "Nuremberg flu"
Pipf, spanische -
"Spanish flu"
Plage - plague;
syphilis
Pocken, Pockseuche -
smallpox
Podagra - gout
Porpeln - measles; pox
Puls - pulse; heartbeat
Pusseln - pustules; pox
Quartanfieber -
malaria
Rachimburge - lay
assessor
Raecke - stiffness of
the limbs
Racker - renderer;
skinner
Rademacher -
wheelwright
Radhauer - wheelwright
Raebbe - rabies
Raecke, Raehe -
stiffness of the limbs
Raetin - female
council member; official;
councilman's wife
Rastelbinder - pen
repairer
Rateler - night
watchman
Rat(h)geber(in) -
advisor
Rat(h)s, des - member
of the council
Rat(h)sdiener -
council employee; beadle
Rat(h)sherr - town
councilman
Rat(h)smitglied -
member of the council
Rat(h)sschreibe - town
clerk
Rat(h)sverwandter -
member of the town council
Raetin - female
council member; official;
councilman's wife
Rauhmaurer - stonemason
Raumpflegerin -
cleaning lady
Rauschfaerber - black
dyer
Rebmann - vine dresser
Rebmeister - master
vine dresser
Rechtsanwalt - male
lawyer
Rechtsanwaeltin -
female lawyer
Rechtsbeflissene(r) -
law student
Rechtsbeistand - legal
adviser
Rechtsgelehrte(r) -
lawyer; legal scholar
Rechtspfleger -
judicial administrator
Regi(e)rungsbaumeister
- superintendent of
public works
Regi(e)rungsbeamte(r)
- government official
Regi(e)rungsdirektor -
chief administrator
Regi(e)rungsrat(h) -
government council(lor)
Regi(e)rungsferendar -
probationary government
worker; government intern
Regimentsartz -
regimental doctor
Regisseur - male
director
Reiber - masseur
Reichkraemer - herb
and silk merchant
Reichkanzler -
Imperial chancellor
Reichritter - Imperial
knight
Reichsverwer -
Imperial regent
Reidemeister -
vice-mayor on council; council
president
Reifer - ropemaker;
rope merchant
Reifschlaege -
ropemaker
Reinmachefrau -
cleaning lady
Reiseknecht - ruler's
servant during travels
Reisemarschall - royal
courier; travel advance
man
Reiser - pilgrim
Reisiger - rider
Reisner - rope maker
Reitender - mounted
messenger
Reiter - rider;
cavalryman
Reitschmi(e)d -
blacksmith; farrier
Rektor(in) - school
headmaster/mistress;
principal; minister/minister's wife
Relikt - relict;
survivor
Rendant - paymaster;
treasurer
Rentamtmann - treasurer
Renteibote -
treasurer's office messenger
Rentner(in) - retiree
Reper - ropemaker
Repschlaeger- ropemaker
Retspede - lay assessor
Retuschier - porcelain
retoucher
Reuss- shoemaker
Reuter - rider;
cavalry; clearer of land
Reutschmi(e)d -
blacksmith; farrier
Reuzze - shoe cobbler
Revisor - inspector
Richtherr - lay
assessor
Richter(in) - judge
Riedemeister -
vice-mayor on council; council
president\
Riemenmacher,
Riemenschneider, Riemer, Riemschlaeger
Riemschneider -
leather strapmaker
Rinderknecht - cattle
tender
Rindsschuster - tanner
Rinker - kettlesmith
Rit(t)er - knight
Rittmeister - cavalry
captain
Roback - servant
Rockener - baker of
dark bread
Roeder, - clearer of
land
Roepe - ropemaker;
town crier
Roeseler - whitewasher
Roessler - horseman;
tanner
Roet - measles; bloody
diarrhea
Roeteln - measles
Rojgast - seaman
Rolladenbauer - window
blind installer
Roller - coachman;
freight hauler
Roeper - ropemaker;
town crier
Rorenschieber - tin
peddler
Rossarzt - horse
doctor; veterinarian
Rosser - horse groom;
freight hauler
Rosshaendler - horse
dealer
Rosshirt - horse
herdsman
Rosskamm - horse dealer
Rotgerber - red tanner
Royer - cooper
Ruetze - shoe cobbler
Russfaerber, Ružf„rber
- dyer
Saeckelmeister -
treasurer; administrator
Sackhuhn - sailmaker
Saeckler - sack maker;
treasurer
Sackmacher - sack maker
Sadelhoefer - farmer
and lay assessor
Saeger - sawyer
Saemischmacher - white
tanner
Saenger - singer(s)
Saeuhirt(e) - swineherd
Sagenschneider - plank
cutter
Sageter - sawmiller
Sailer - ropemaker
Salinearbeiter,
Salinenknecht - helper at
a salt-well
Salmann - executor;
administrator
Salpetersieder -
nitrate maker
Saltzitzienmacher -
sausage maker
Salunenmacher -
blanket weaver
Salwirt(h) - weapon
smith
Salwuerker, -wurch, -
tinsmith
Salzaufleger - tax
official
Salzfueher - salt
merchant with a cart
Salzfueller - customs
official
Salzhaendler - salt
merchant
Salzinspektor - salt
inspector
Salzkaerrner - salt
merchant with a cart
Salzmann - salt
merchant
Salzsieder - saltmaker
Salzsteuereinnehmer -
salt tax collector
Salzstoessel- salt
merchant
Salzvogt - saltworks
overseer
Saemischmacher - white
tanner
Sandbauer - farmer
with sandy ground
Sandler - sandal maker
Sargedromacher,
Sargenweber - woolen cloth
weaver
Sarghauer - stonemason
Sargtraeger -
pallbearer
Sarkhauer - stonemason
Sarrwerker, -wuerker,
-wurker - harness-maker
Sauhirt(h) - male
swineherd
Sauhirt(h)in - female
swineherd
Saeumer - freight
hauler
Sauter - shoemaker
Schacherer - peddler
Schachtmeister - mine
master
Schaefer - shepherd
Schaef(f)ler - cooper
Schaeuf(e)ler -
shovelmaker; peddler
Schaffer - worker;
laborer; administrator
Schaffmann - worker
Schaffner(in) -
conductor
Schafhirt(e) - shepherd
Schafmeister - sheep
farm overseer
Schaidmesser - maker
of cutlery
Schal(c)k, Schall -
servant
Schalenschroder -
maker of knife handles
Schallaunenmacher -
blanket weaver
Schankmacher -
cupboard maker
Schankwirt(h) -
innkeeper
Schanzenmeister -
jailer
Schaper - shepherd
Scharfrichter -
executioner
Scharlach,
Scharlachfieber - scarlet fever
Scharnemann - merchant
in a market
Scharrmacher - wagon
builder
Scharwaechter- night
watchman
Scharwerker - day
laborer on a farm
Schatter, Schattmann -
tax assessor
Schatzmann -
moneychanger; treasurer
Schatzmeister -
treasurer
Schauer - cloth
inspector
Schaeuerchen- shooting
pains in the teeth;
epilepsy
Schaufert - shoemaker
Schaeuf(e)ler - shovel
maker; peddler
Schaukastentraeger -
traveling salesman who
carries a showcase around
Schauspieler(in) -
actor/actress
Schauwecker - shoemaker
Scheckensticker -
embroiderer
Scheffler - bowlmaker;
cooper
Scheibenreisser -
glazier
Scheibler - salt
carrier
Scheidler -
knife-blade maker
Schellenschmi(e)d -
cowbell maker
Schelter - jester;
entertainer
Schen(c)k - innkeeper
who taps beer or wine
Schen(c)ker - innkeeper
Schen(c)kjunfer - wet
nurse
Schen(c)kwirt(h) -
innkeeper who taps beer
or wine
Scheper - shepherd
Scherenschleifer -
scissors sharpener
Scherenmacher -
scissors maker
Scherer - barber;
beardcutter; cloth cutter
Scherge - sheriff's
deputy
Schichtmeister - mine
paymaster
Schiedsrichter - local
court judge; justice
of the peace
Schiedsverwandter -
member of local court
Schieferdecker -
roofer of slate roofs; slater
Schiesser - hunter
Schiffbauer -
shipbuilder
Schiffer - shipper;
seaman
Schiffmann - sailor
Schiffseigner -
shipowner
Schiffsmakler -
shipbroker; shipping agent
Schilderer - sign
painter
Schilderhersteller -
sign maker
Schindeldecker -
roofer of shingle roofs
Schindelmacher -
shingle maker
Schinder - renderer;
skinner
Schindler - roofer;
skinner
Schinner - renderer;
skinner
Schirmmacher -
umbrella maker
Schirrmacher - wagon
maker
Schirrmeister - master
wagon maker
Schlachter - butcher
Schlaechter - butcher
Schlachtmann - butcher
Schlachtwanter -
clothing wholesaler
Schlafbaas - innkeeper
Schlechter - butcher
Schlegel - turnkey of
a prison
Schleifer - polisher
Schleusserin - maid
Schlieper -
knifemaker; cutler
Schliesser - church
administrator
Schlieter - merchant
Schlossaufseher -
castle keeper; castellan
Schlossbesitzer(in) -
castle owner
Schlosser - locksmith;
mechanic; tinkerer
Schlossherr(in) -
castle owner
Schlotfeger -
chimneysweep
Schlotthauer -
locksmith
Schlueter, - turnkey
in a prison
Schlupwaechter - night
watchman
Schm. - abbr. for
Schmeid (smith)
Schmelzarbeiter,
Schmelzer - (s)melter
Schmi(e)d(t) - smith
Schn. - abbr. for
Schneider (tailor)
Schneider - tailor
Schnellweber - machine
weaver
Schnider - tailor
Schni(t)tger,
Schni(t)tker - woodworker;
joiner
Schnitter - harvest
hand
Schnittwarenhaendler -
drygoods (cloth) merchant
Schnitzer, Schnitzker,
Schnitzler - woodcarver
Schnuerer - lacemaker
Schnurmacher -
lacemaker
Schnyder - tailor
Schoband - skinner's
helper
Schoeffe - member
Schoeffen-,
Schoeffenmeister - foreman of
small claims court
Schoeffler, Schoeffler
- bowlmaker
choenfaerber - dyer of
colored goods
Schoepe - member of
small claims court; lay
juryman; councilman
Schoesser - tax
collector
Scholz - village
mayor; magistrate
Schomaker - shoemaker
Schoenbeck - pastry
baker
Schoenfaerber - dyer
of colored goods
Schoolapper - shoe
cobbler
Schopenhauer - wooden
scoop maker
Schopper - ship's
carpenter
Schornsteinfeger -
chimneysweep
Schosserheber - tax
collector
Schoesser- tax
collector
Schotte - peddler
Schottler - turner;
key maker
Schottilier - turner;
carpenter
Schrader - tailor;
cutter
Schrannengast - grain
merchant
Schreiber - clerk;
business manager
Schreibmeist - master
of writing
Schreiner - joiner;
woodworker
Schriftfuehrer(in) -
corresponding secretary
Schriftleiter(in) -
editor of journal
Schriftsetzer -
typesetter
Schrobber - wool weaver
Schrobelmacher - loom
maker
Schroder, Schroeder -
tailor
Schroepfer -
blood-letter
Schroeer - tailor
Schroeter - tailor;
carter; driver; cooper
Schryffeyne(r) - clerk
Schubart(h),
Schubert(h), Schubring - shoemaker
Schuchard, Schucherd,
Schuchmann, Schuckert
- shoemaker
Schuessler - bowl maker
Schuetze - hunter;
(mil.) rifleman
Schuhflicker - shoe
cobbler
Schuhknecht -
apprentice shoemaker
Schuhllapper - shoe
cobbler
Schuhmacher - shoemaker
Schuhmann - shoemaker;
seller of shoes
Schuhputzer -
shoe-shiner
Schuhwerk - shoemaker
Schulapper - shoe
cobbler
Schuldenbote - debt
collector
Schuldiener -
schoolteacher
Schuldner - debter
Schulgehilfe -
teacher's assistant
Schullhalter -
schoolteacher
Schuljunge, Schulknabe
- schoolboy
Schullehrer(in) -
schoolteacher
Schulleiter(in) -
school principal
Schulmaedel -
schoolgirl
Schulmeister -
schoolmaster
Schulrat(h) - school
board member
Schulsschwester -
teaching nun
Schulte, Schultheiss -
appointed village
mayor; magistrate; head man of the village
governing body;
originally tax collector
for the ruler
Schul(t)z(e) -
appointed village mayor; magistrate;
head man of the village governing body;
originally tax
collector for the ruler
Schumacher - shoemaker
Schumann - shoemaker;
seller of shoes
Schuerken - toothache
Schuessler - bowlmaker
Schuster - shoemaker
Schutenmaker - boat
builder
Schuetze - hunter;
(mil.) rifleman
Schutzverwandter -
protected non-citizen
with rights of a citizen
Schuwarte - shoemaker
Schwaiger - shepherd
Schwanenwirt(h) -
proprietor of the Swam
Inn
Schwaer - illness
schwarzer Tod - black
death; plague
Schwarzefaerber, -
dyer of dark goods
Schwarzgiesser - iron
smelter
Schwa(e)che -
debility; weakness
Schweiger - cowherd;
cheesemaker
Schweinehaendler - hog
trader
Schwein(e)hirt(h) -
pigherd
Schweisser - welder
Schwendimann - settler
on recently burned
woodland
Schwer(d)tfeger -
armorer
Schwertbbauer - farmer
on farm inherited
through the male line
Schwoedler - white
tanner
Seelbinder - ropemaker
Seelotse - sea pilot
Seelsorger - minister;
chaplain; spiritual
guide
Seemann - seaman
Segenschmi(e)d - saw
smith
Segesser, Segisser -
scythe maker
Segner - fisherman
Seidenneger - silk
embroiderer
Seidenspuler - silk
reeler
Seidenst(r)icker(in) -
silk embroiderer
Seidenweber(in) - silk
weaver
Seifensieder -
soapboiler
Seigermacher -
watchmaker
Seigerschmi(e)d -
clockmaker
Seigersteller -
caretaker of the village
clock
Seigner - fisherman
Seiler - ropemaker;
rope merchant
Seimtauer - tanner
Sekelmeister - master
sackmaker; treasurer
Sekretaer(in) -
secretary
Selcher - butcher;
smoker of meat
Selzer - salt merchant
Sendbote - messenger
Senker - fisherman
Senkler - bracelet
maker
Senn - (Alpine)
herdsman; dairyman
Senner(in) - (Alpine)
herdsman; dairyman/maid
Sensal - real estate
agent
Sensenbrenner,
-schmi(e)d - scythe maker
Sentrin - female
cowherd
Sesterer - cooper
Settbur - farm
administrator
Setzer - typesetter
Seuner - fisherman
Sicherheitspolizei -
security police
Sichter - harvester
Sieber - sievemaker;
sieve worker in a mine
Siebmacher - sievemaker
Siebmann - sieve
worker in a mine
Sieche - sick person
Siedler - settler
Siegrist - church
sexton
Siberarbeiter - silver
worker
Silberbote - messenger
Silberschmi(e)d -
silversmith
Simmermacher -
sievemaker
Skribent - writer;
scribbler
Smalweber - weaver of
strips of linen
Smerde - slave
Smersnider - bacon
merchant
Snitker - joiner
Snopel - vagabond
Soeldner - mercenary
soldier; day laborer
Soldat - soldier
Soeldner - mercenary
soldier; day laborer
Solepumper - helper at
a salt well
Sommerkrankheit,
-plague - summer complaint
Sonnenkraemer, -kramer
- peddler
Sonnenwirt(h) -
proprietor of the Sun Inn
Spangenmacher - brass
worker; clasp maker
Spanner - freight
hauler
Spediteur - freight
forwarder
Speisewirt(h) -
restauranteur
Spenelmacher, Spener -
needle maker
Spengler - plumber;
tinsmith
Spenhauer - carpenter
Spetter - market
servant
Spettreiter - messenger
Spezereikraemer,
-kramer - spice merchant
Spicker - cottager
Spikermann - cottager
Spiegelmacher - mirror
maker
Spiegelwirt(h) -
proprietor of the Mirror
Inn
Spielmann - minstrel
Spiessbuerger,
Spiesser - city citizen with
no horse; philistine
Spillmacker - tile
maker
Spindelbauer - farmer
on a farm inherited
through the female line
Spindelmacher,
Spindler - wooden spindle
maker
Spinner(in) - spinner
Spitalpfleger - male
nurse; orderly
Spitalpflegerin -
female practical nurse
Spitzenhaendler - lace
dealer
Splettstoesser -
shingle merchant
Splittgerber -
tilemaker; shingle merchant
Spurmann - hunter
Stabhalter -
administrator and judge
Stabherr - judge
Staebler - peddler;
beggar
Stabschlaeger - cutter
of wood for barrel
staves
Stabsfeldwebel -
(mil.) master sergeant
Stabkapitaen,
-kapitain - (mil.) staff captain
Stabskeller - court
official
Stabuel - beggar
Stabulier(er) - peddler
Stadler - keeper of
the tax granary
Stadtbeamter -
municipal official
Stadtbewohner -
inhabitant of a city
Stadtbote - town
messenger; beadle
Stadtdiener - town
worker
Stadtknecht - town
worker
Stadtrichter -
municipal judge
Stadtschreiber -
municipal clerk
Stadtvogt - town
magistrate
Staebler - peddler;
beggar
Staettenbesitzer -
owner of a place
Staffhauer - maker of
barrel staves
Staffirmaler -
whitewasher
Stahlschmi(e)d -
steelsmith
Stallbursche, -junge,
-knecht - stable boy
Stallmagd - milkmaid
Stallmeister -
equerry; master of the horse
Stalmenger - ironmonger
Staerkefabrikant -
starch manufacturer
Staettenbesitzer -
owner of a place
Statthalter -
governor; vicar
Statzauner - pharmacist
Staudenmeier -
shrubkeeper; gardener
Staufer - potter;
cupmaker
Staupe, boese -
festering sores and fever;
child's convulsions
Stavener - farmer
Sterrtenmacher -
pencilmaker
Steinbrecher -
quarryman
Steinbrenner - maker
of lime
Steinbroecker,
-bruecker - bridge paver
Steiner - field
border-stone watcher
Steingutarbeiter,
-brenner - stoneware potter
Steingutwarenhaendler
- stoneware dealer
Steinhacker -
stonecutter
Steinhauer -
stonecutter
Steinmetz - stonemason
Steinschneider - gem
cutter; lapidary
Steinwirker -
stoneworker
Steinworte - bricklayer
Stellmacher -
wheelwright; wagonmaker
Stelzer - stilt-walker
Stengelbauer - poor
farmer
Sterbenslaeufe -
epidemic of plague
Sticker = embroiderer,
Stickerin = embroideress
Stirnwirt(h) -
proprietor of Star Inn
Sterzer - tramp
Steuerbeamte(r) - tax
official
Steuerberater(in) -
tax advisor
Steuerbote - tax
messenger
Steuereinnehmer - tax
collector
Steuerheber - tax
assessor
Steuermann - ship or
boat pilot; helmsman
Stieffeler - maker of
vineyard stakes
Stiftenmacher -
pencilmaker
Stiftungsmitglied -
member of board of trustees
of a foundation
Stille, in der -
quietly (e.g. without the
tolling of bells at a funeral/ wedding)
Stillfaut(h) -
chairman of a secret court
Stillstaende- church
elder
Stirnstosser - veil
merchant
Stoecker - jailer
Stockjunge - rifle
cleaning-rod boy
Stoellner - mine owner
Stoker - brandy
distiller
Storger - market barker
Straehler - wool carder
Straehlmacher -
combmaker; grapeshot maker
Strassen-, bauer -
road builder
Strassen-,
Strassenfeger - street sweeper
Strassen-,
Strassenkehrer - street sweeper
Strassenkoetter -
cottager living by the
road
Stratener - peasant on
a small farm
Stricker(in) - knitter
Strohdachdecker -
fletcher; thatcher
Strohhutfabrikant -
straw hat manufacturer
Strohmenger - straw
merchant
Strohschneider - one
who cuts straw for thatched
roofs
Strumpflismer(in) -
stocking knitter
Strumpfsticker(in) -
stocking knitter
Strumpfweber(in) -
stockingweaver
Stubenmeister -
proprietor of an inn with
a meeting room for guild or society members
Stueck-, Stueckwerker
- piece worker
Stuenschenmacher -
cooper of small buckets
Stuerzner - plumber
Stuhler, Stuhlmacher -
joiner; chairmaker
Stuhlschreiber - court
recorder
Stukkateur - stucco
worker
Stuler - chairmaker
Stuenschenmacher -
cooper of small buckets
Stuerzner - plumber
Stutenbaecker, -becker
- pastry baker
Stuttknecht - stud
horse groom
Stuurmann - boatman
Substitut - young
pastor who takes over for
and older pastor still officially in office
Suchmann - hunter
Sudler - cook of offal
Suesskuechler - pastry
baker
Suwestecher - hog
castrator
Sween - swineherd
Tabagist, Tabakist
- proprietor of a tobacco
shop
Tabaksarbeiter,
Tabakpflanzer - tobacco worker/planter
Tobaksteuereinnehmer -
tobacco tax collector
Tabourin - drummer
Tabulettkraemer,
-kramer - peddler of pills
Taedinger - business
agent; mediator
Taenzer(in) - dancer
Taeschner - pursemaker
Tafelitenkraemer,
-kramer, Tafelit(t) - door-to-door
salesman
Tagloehner(in), -
day-laborer, one who works
small jobs paid by the day
Tagner(in) -
day-laborer, one who works small
jobs paid by the day
Tallierer - peddler
Talmueller - miller in
the valley
Tambour - (mil.)
drummer
Taenzer(in) - dancer
Tapetenmaler -
wallpaper painter
Tapazier(er) -
wallpaper hanger
Taschner, Taeschnerd -
leather bagmaker
Tater - gypsy
Taubenwirt(h) -
proprietor of the Dove Inn
Tauer - tanner
Taufgesinnter -
Anabaptist
Taun(n)er(in)-
day-laborer, one who works
small jobs paid by the day
Taverner - innkeeper
Techniker(in) -
technician
Teefuehrer, -f’hrer -
tar hauler
Teerschweler - tar
manufacturer
Tegtmaier - farm rent
collector
Tellrer - peddler
Tepper - potter
Teufer - Anabaptist
Thalmueller,
Thalm’ller - miller in the valley
Thaun(n)er(in) -
day-laborer, one who works
small jobs paid by the day
Thierarzt -
veterinarian
Thuchmacher -
clothmaker
Tich(e)ler - tilemaker
Tierarzt - veterinarian
Tierausstopfer -
taxidermist
Timmerman - carpenter
Tischer, Tischler,
Tischmacher, Tischner
- tablemaker; joiner
Toedde - peddler
Toepfer - potter
Torfstecher -
peatcutter
Torhueter, -mann -
gatekeeper
Torschreiber - gate
toll collector
Torwaechter, -waechter
- gatekeeper
Totenausleger -
undertaker
Totenbeschauer -
physician attesting death;
medical examiner; coroner
To(d)tengraber,
-graeber - gravedigger; cemetery
caretaker
Totenmann - undertaker
Trabant - foot soldier
Traeger - pallbearer
Traexl - wood turner
Traiteur, Trakteur -
master cook
Traubenweber - cloth
weave
Trautgesell(e) -
trusted journeyman
Trautherr - trusted
master
Trautmann - trusted man
Traexl, Traxler - wood
turner
Trechsler - wood turner
Trimmer - freight
hauler
Trissler - treasurer
Troedler - peddler
Trommler - drummer
Trompeter - trumpeter
Troner - peddler
Tropfhaeusler -
cottager; tenant with a small
house
Trossknecht - baggage
servant; wagoner
Truchsess - food
procurer of a ruler or noble
Truhenmacher -
trunkmaker
Trumpter - trumpeter
Trunkenbold - drunkard
Tschismenmacher -
bootmaker of women's long
boots
Tschudi, Tschudy -
judge
Tuchhaendler - cloth
merchant; draper
Tuchmacher - cloth
maker; clothier
Tuchscherer - cloth
cutter
Tuchwalker - fuller
Tuchweber(in) - cloth
weaver
Tueffelmacher -
slipper maker
Tuencher - whitewasher
Tueoedde, Tueoette -
peddler
Tuerhueter - guard
Tuermer - watchman in
a tower; bellringer
Tuefelmacher -
slippermaker
Tuencher - whitewasher
T’uedde, Tuette -
peddler
Turmvader, -vater -
jailer
Tuunker - gardener
Uebersetzer(in) -
translator
Uhrmacher -
clockmaker; watchmaker
Ulan - (mil.) lancer
Ulenbecker - potter
Ulner - potter
Umsiedler - resettler;
refugee
Unglueck - bad luck;
epilepsy
Unterfeldwebel -
sergeant
Unterhaendler-
negotiator; agent
Unterkaeufer - broker
Untermieter(in) -
subtenant; roomer; lodger
Untermueller - miller
on the lower part of
a stream
Unternaehmer -
entrpreneur
Unteroffizier - (mil.)
non-commisioned officer;
petty officer; sergeant
Unterschultheiss-
deputy mayor; vice-mayor
Untertan - subject;
serf
Untervogt - assistant
bailiff; deputy sheriff
Unvermoegende(r)-
without property; pauper
UO - abbr. for
Unteroffizier (non-commissioned
officer)
Urheber(in) - author
Vaagd - bailiff;
sheriff; constable; representative
of the ruler; administrator
Vastbecker - pastry
baker
Verbrecher(in) -
criminal
Vere - ferryman
Verfasser(in) - author
Verheiler - animal
castrator
Verkaeufer(in)- sales
clerk
Verleiher, Verleyher -
investor
Verler - hog merchant
Vermieter(in) -
renter; landlord/lady
Vermittler - marriage
broker; matchmaker
Verschiedene -
deceased person
Versorgungsempfaenger
- pensioner, welfare
recipient
Versteigerer -
auctioneer
Verwalter -
administrator
Verwandte - relative
Verweser -
administrator; vicar
Verzimmerer - timberer
in a mine
Veterinaer (arzt),
Veterinaerarzt) - veterinarian
Vetinkmaker -
wagonmaker
Viehhaendler, - cattle
dealer
Viehhirt(e) - cowherd
Viehknecht - cattle
herdsman
Viertelbauer - farmer
of a 1/4 sized farm
Visitator - church
census taker
Viztum - deputy of the
ruler
Vizebuergermeister -
deputy mayor
Vocker - wholesaler
Voerradesmann -guardian
Vogler - bird catcher;
fowler
Vogt - bailiff;
sheriff; constable; representative
of the ruler
Volksheer - militia
Vollbauer, -erbe,
-maier, spaenner- farmer
on a full-sized farm
Vribunde - free farmer
Vucker - wholesaler
Waagemeister -
weighmaster
Wachsspinner -
wax-spinner
Waechter, Wachtgaenger
- watchman; security
guard
Wachtmeister - police
patrolman; cavalry
sergeant
Wachtsoldat - (mil)
guard
Waechter - watchman;
security guard
Waegner -
wagonbuilder; cartwright
Waemstler - offal
dealer
Waerter(in) - caretaker
Waescher(in) -
launderer
Waffenfabrikant -
armorer
Waffenschmi(e)d -
shieldmaker; armorer
Wagenknecht - wagonhand
Wagenmeister - master
wagon builder; master
cartwright; (mil.) wagonmaster
Wagenpfleger - auto
mechanic
Waggonmacher - car
maker
Wagler, Wagener,
Waegner - wagonbuilder;
cartwright
Wagnermeister - master
wagon builder; master
cartwright
Wahrsfrau - nurse;
caretaker
Wahrsmann - caretaker
Waidner - dyer
Waise(r) - orphan
Waisenpfleger(in) -
guardian; caretaker of
orphans
Waldbewohner - forest
inhabitant
Waldgrebe - overseer
of wood in a forest
Waldhaeuer- woodcutter
Waldhornist - hunting
horn player
Waldhueter - forest
guard
Waldschlaeger -
woodcutter
Waldschuetze- forest
guard
Walker - person who
softens cloth; fuller
Waemstler - offal
dealer
Wanderbursch(e),
Wanderer - journeyman; traveler
Wandersmann -
journeyman
Wandmacher - cloth
weaver
Wandschneider -
clothmaker
Wannenkraemer, -kramer
- peddler
Wantsnider - clothmaker
Wardein - mint
inspector
Waerter(in) - caretaker
Wartfrau - midwife
Waschmagd - washerwoman
Waescher(in) -
launderer
Wasenmeister -
skinner; renderer
Wassermueller -
water-mill operator
Wasserzieher - water
carrier to the public
baths
Watmanger - cloth
merchant
Wattmann - cloth
wholesaler
Waydjaeger - hunter
Weber - weaver
Wechsler -
money-changer; money lender
Wegewarter - road
watchman
Wegmacher - road
repairman
Wegmeister - road
supervisor
Wehener -
wagonbuilder; cartwright
Wehenmutter, Wehfrau -
midwife
Wehmutter - midwife
Wehrmann - soldier
Wehrmeister - forester
Weibel - sergeant;
court usher
Weid(e)mann - hunter
Weinbauer, -berger -
vinedresser
Weinbleicher - wine
bleacher (adulterator)
Weiner, Weinert -
wagonbuilder; cartwright
Weinfuehrer-
proprietor of a wine inn
Weingaertner-
vinedresser
Weingeber - innkeeper
Weinhaendler - wine
merchant
Weinherr- wine
wholesaler
Weinreber - vine
dresser
Weinschen(c)k(er) -
proprietor of a wine
tavern; wine waiter
Weinsticher - wine
tester
Weinvisierer - wine
inspector
Weinzapf - proprietor
of a wine tavern
Weinzi(e)rl - vine
dresser
Weisemutter - midwife
Weissbinder - copper;
whitewasher
Weissdreher - ceramic
worker
Weissgerber - tanner
of fine leather
Weldeme(i)ster -
policeman
Wendkraemer, -kramer -
cloth merchant
Wenster - butcher
Werghaendler - flax
dealer
Werkfuehrer,
Werkmeister - factory foreman;
Administrator
Wetschenmacher -
bagmaker
Wetteherr -
administrator of a guild
Wetzer - grinder;
polisher
Weyner - wagonmaker;
coach builder
Wildbrethaendler -
venison dealer
Wilddieb, Wilderer -
game poacher
Wildenhirt(e) - horse
groom
Wildfoerster - forest
ranger
Wildhirt - horse herder
Wildheger - gamekeeper
Wildheuer - grass
cutter
Wildner - game hunter
Wildwerker - furrier
Windmueller - windmill
operator
Wingertsmann - vintner
Winkler - merchant
Winzer - vine dresser
Wirker - worker;
laborer
Wirt(h)(in) -
innkeeper; landlord/lady
Wirtschaefterin,
-schafterin, - housekeeper
Wissler - painter
Witmenger - wood
merchant
Wittgrefe - overseer
of wood in a forest
Wittib - widow
Wittiber, Wittler,
Wittling, Wittmann - widower
Wit(t)we(r) - widow(er)
Wobber - wool weaver
Wochenpflegerin -
obstetric nurse
Wohlhueter - foremen
of woodcutters
Wollbereiter - wool
preparer
Wolldeckenmacher -
wool blanket maker
Wollenweber -
woolweaver
Wollhaendler - wool
dealer
Wollner - wool carder
Wollschlaeger - wool
cleaner
Wollspinner - wool
spinner
Wooler - wool carder
Wucherer -
money-lender; usurer
Wuellenweber - wool
weaver
Wuellner - maker of
woolen clothes
Wuergengel - plague
epidemic
Wuerth - innkeeper
Wuellenweber -
woolweaver
Wuellner - maker of
woolen clothes
Wundarzt - surgeon
Wurmfieber - diarrhea;
typhoid fever
Wurster, Wurstmacher -
sausage-maker
Wuert(h) - innkeeper
Wurzkreamer, -kramer,
-kraemer, Wurzler,
Wurzmann, Wurzmenger - herb merchant
Wyrt - innkeeper
Yngwuenner - tax
collector
Zacher, Zacherweber
- weaver
Zahlmeister - paymaster
Zahnaerzt(in) - dentist
Zahnbrecher - dentist,
male
Zainer - basket weaver
Zajemacher - wool
weaver
Zapfenwirt(h) -
proprietor of a beer tavern
Zauberer - sorcerer
Zauer - clothmaker
Zechner - groom
Zeichnenlehrer(in) -
drawing teacher
Zeichemmeister -
weights and measures official
Zeichner(in) - graphic
artist; drafter
Zeidelmann, Zeidler -
beekeeper
Zeiner - basket weaver
Zeitungshaendler -
newspaper dealer
Zeitungsfrau, -junge -
newspaper carrier
Zeitungsverleger -
newspaper publisher
Zeller - hermit monk;
farmer of a large farm
Zeltknecht - tent-hand
Zementi(e)rer - cement
worker
Zengener - tongsmith
Zensor - church censor
Zerenner - iron
founder; smelter; blacksmith
Zeukraemer, -kramer,
-kr„mer - cloth merchant
Zeugmacher - clothmaker
Zeugschmi(e)d -
toolsmith
Zeugwahrter - cloth
inspector
Ziechner - linemaker
Ziegelagent - brick
dealer
Ziegelarbeiter,
-brenner - brickmaker; tilemaker
Ziegeldecker - roofer
Ziegeleibesitzer -
owner of a brickyard
Zieg(e)ler - brickmaker
Ziegenmenger - goat
trader
Ziegerer - cheesemaker
Zielke - cabbage farmer
Zigeuner(in) - gypsy
Zimberman(n),
Zimmermann - carpenter
Zimmerer - carpenter
Zimmergesell(e) -
apprentice carpenter
Zimmerhauer -
lumberjack
Zimmerknecht -
apprentice carpenter
Zimmerling - carpenter
Zimmermaedchen -
domestic servant, female
Zimmermaler - interior
painter
Zimmermeister - master
carpenter
Zinkenist - bugler
Zinsbauer - farmer who
pays tithes
Zinsherr - lessor;
landlord
Zinswucherer - userer
Zirkelschmi(e)d -
compass-maker
Zitzweber - cotton
weaver
ZM - abbr. for
Zimmermann (carpenter)
Zmurde - Slavic servant
Zoeller - customs
official
Zoellner - toll
collector
Zoewerer - weaver
Zofe - chambermaid
Zollbeamte - customs
official
Zolleinnehmer(in) -
toll collector; collector
of customs duty
Zoeller - customs
official , toll collector
Zollfahnder - customs
inspector
Zollinspektor -
customs inspector
Zollmeister - customs
officer
Zommacher - beltmaker
Zoewere - weaver
Zuechner - linenweaver
Zuechter - breeder
Zuechtiger - hangman
Zuckerbaecker - pastry
baker
Zuckerimporteur -
sugar importer
Zuckersieder - sugar
maker
Zuechner - linenweaver
Zuechter - breeder
Zeuchtiger - hangman
Zugeherin, Zugehfrau -
cleaning woman
Zueglin - trainee
Zunftbuerger citizen
and guild member
Zunftmeister - chief
warden of a guild; master
of a guild
Zunftpfleger - warden
of a guild
Zwillinge - twins
Zwirner, Zwirnmacher -
threadmaker
Zwischendeckspassagier
- steerage passenger
contributed by
Ingeborg Brigitte Gastel
Lloyd
OLD GERMAN PROFESSIONS and OCCUPATIONS
(mit
amerikanischen Übersetzungsansätzen aus
Großwörterbuch Langenscheidt Muret/Sanders)
(from English
into German)
administrator
Verwalter
(Syndic)
administrator
Schaffner
hospital administrator
Spitalschaffner
hospital
guard
Spitalwächter
assistant switchman
Hilfsweichensteller
bailiff
Vogt, Amtmann
border hunter
Grenzjäger
building clerk
Bauschreiber
cabinet registrar
Registrator
im Kabinett
secretary in the Princely Cabinet
Kabinettsekretär
Captain
Hauptmann
(Capitaine)
Governor
Gouverneur
Lieutenant Governor
Leutnant
Gouverneur
Major
Major
coachman
Kutscher
councilman
Rat
court councilman
Hofrat
government councilman
Regierungsrat
curator, guardian
Kurator, Pfleger
ward
Curand,
Curandin
district forester
Revierförster
high level forestry assistant
Oberforstamtsassistent
high level forestry secretary
Oberforstamtssekretär
senior forester
Oberförster
senior
forest councilman
Forstrat
elected mayor of a city
Bürgermeister
appointed mayor
Schultheiß
town mayor
Stadtschultheiß
clerk
Scribent
wine steward
Keller
chief wine steward
Oberkeller
court assistant,
committee
Ausschuss
court councilman
Hofrat
country clerk
Landschreiber
country mayor
Landschultheiß
chancery clerk
Kanzlist
cabinet chancery clerk
(Geheimer)
Kabinettskanzlist
commissioner
Commissarius
county office assessor
Oberamtsassessor
county
doctor
Amts
Physicum
customs guard
Zollgard
district treasurer
Kreiskassierer
field guard
Feldhüter
forester
Förster
hunting apprentice
Jägerbursche
judge
Faut
knifesmith
Messerschmied
landscape
commissioner
Landschaftskommissar
legal representative
Procurator
locksmith apprentice
Schlossergeselle
marshal (huissier)
Gerichtsvollzieher
nobly appointed mayor
Schultheiß
notary (public)
Notar
office servant
Amtsdiener
orphans clerk
Waisenschreiber
orphans’ bureau
Waisenschreiberei
plumber
Spengler
tax dispatcher
Steuerexpiditor
town clerk
Stadtschreiber
treasurer
Finanzbeamter,
Fiskalbeamter, Schatzmeister,
district treasurer
Kreiskassierer
treasury councilman
Kammerrath
treasury secretary
Kammersekretär
wine steward
Keller
winecellar clerk
Kellereiskribent
superintendent
Dekan
(evang.)
Alte Behördenbezeichnungen
county
office
Oberamt,
Amt
tax authority
Landschreiberei
Gefällreceptur
winecellar
Kellerei
winecellar invoice
Kellerei-Rechnung
office of a bailiff = regional court
Landvogtei
Treasury
Rentkammer
Ducal/Princely
Treasury
Herzogliche/Fürstliche
Rentkammer
land treasury
office
Landrentey
county office
winecellar
Amtskellerei
church winecellar
(=church treasury)
Geistliche
Gefäll-Kellerei
mayoral offices
Stadtschultheißereien
land secretary’s
bureau
Landschreiberei
Sonstiges:
reformed
reformiert
palatine Zweibrücken
pfalzzweibrückisch
the annual community meeting
Heimbthum
(court of lay judges/mayoral court)
common lands
Allmende
income
Gefälle
contributed by Thomas Besse
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