Anna, Empress of Russia 1730-1740
(1693-1740)
daughter of Ivan V, Tzar of Russia 1682-1689
and Praskovija Fjodorovna Saltykova
Born 8 February 1693
Died 28 October 1740
Married 11 November 1710
Friedrich Wilhelm
Duke of Kurland 1698-1711
Born 19 July 1692
Died 21 January 1711
At the age of seventeen on 11 November 1710 she married the eighteen-year-old
Duke of Kurland who died about two months later.From then on she lived
quietly until in 1730 when she was offered the
Russian throne. However, she had to accept certain conditions which
reduced the autocratic powers. On 28 January 1730 she signed her name to
these conditions and left Mitau for Moscow, but unrest ensued and she was
made to repudiate the restrictions placed upon her by the Dolgoruky and
Golitsyn factions. Having become a full autocratic Empress, she dissolved
the supreme privy council and persecuted the Dolgorukys and Golitsyns.
As a result of this, several members of these families finished their lives
on the executioner's block.She was thirty-seven, stately and tall, when
she became Empress.
She had patience and common-sense but preferred to sign official documents
unread and leave the ruling to two Germans, Field Marshal Muennich and
Count Ostermann. However, these were soon eclipsed by the Empress's lover,
Ernst Buehren, or Biron, whom she brought to Russia. Unfortunately, he
openly despised Russia and the Russians, never learnt the language and,
as court chamberlain, became notorious for corruption and cruelty all of
which was particularly resented because
of his being an alien. Empress Anna created a guards regiment, the
Izmaylovsky commanded
by a Scot, to protect her and her government dominated by foreigners.
She had a taste for guns and enjoyed shooting through windows at birds
in her garden. Lazy and easily bored, she surrounded herself with gossiping
women, dwarfs and hunchbacks.
Source: Leo van de Pas
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