Eleanor de Provence (1217-1291)
Born circa 1217 Aix-en-Provence (?)
Died 24 June 1291 Amesbury, Wiltshire
Married 14 January 1236 Canterbury
Henry III, King of England 1216-1272
Born 1 October 1207 Winchester Castle
Died 16 November 1272 Westminster Palace
She was about
twelve years old when she had to leave the warmth of
Southern France
to marry an unknown man in the colds of the English
winter, becoming
Henry III's queen on 4 January 1236. Henry III had
first tried
to marry Jeanne, Countess of Ponthieu, until he was told
by his brother
Richard of the beauty of the four Provence sisters.
Richard married
Sanchia and the two other sisters also married two
brothers: Margaret
to King Louis IX of France and Beatrice to Charles
of Anjou, King
of Naples and Louis IX's younger brother.
The marriage would remain a happy one but Eleanor became unpopular
when her uncles
arrived from Savoy to become the king's favourites.
When Edmund
Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury, died in 1240, Eleanor
wrote to the
pope to have her uncle, Boniface of Savoy, take that
position. However,
Boniface was resented as was also Eleanor's
extravagance.
In 1252 Henry III went to France because of a revolt in Gascony,
Eleanor becoming
Regent together with Richard, the king's brother. In
1254 Eleanor
went with her son Edward to Spain to attend Edward's
marriage; on
the way back she and the young couple were invited to
visit the French
Court.
During the civil war, Eleanor provided active support, raising
money on her
jewellery. After the battle of Evesham she quickly joined
her husband
and son in England. In 1272 her husband died and Eleanor
became Regent
until her son, now King Edward I, returned to England.
In 1275 she lost both her daughters, the Queen of Scots and the
Duchess of Brittany.
In 1280 she retired to the convent of Amesbury,
yet was still
involved in her family's affairs. She remained in
Amesbury until
her death in 1291.
Source: Leo van de Pas
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