This will be a genealogical account of the family known as Welf (Guelph)/d'Este. The original house of Welf descended from one Count Welf, and ended in 1055, whereupon the heiress of the house married Azzo II d'Este, an Italian lord. From their marriage descended Dukes of Bavaria and Saxony, and the later Dukes of Brunswick and Kings of Hanover and Great Britain. It also included one short-term tsar of Russia: Ivan VI. From Azzo's second marriage descended the family known as d'Este, which ruled Modena and Ferrara in Italy. Interestingly, when Pr Augustus, Duke of Sussex, had morganatic children in the 19th century, they took the surname of d'Este. The fanily name took on political significance during the battles between the Guelphs and the Ghibellines. Those who generally opposed the Hohenstaufen emperors were known as Guelphs, since that family usually led them, and the Hohenstaufen supporters were known as Ghibellines, from the Italian name of the Hohenstaufen castle, Waiblingen. Part 1. One Welf, a Count in Swabia, d.ca 825; by his wife, Heilwig, later Abbess of Chelles, he had issue: 1.Rudolf I, Cte de Ponthieu, d.866; m. Hruodun N (d.after 867) 1.1.Conrad, Ct of Paris and Sens, d.882 1.2.Welf, Abbot of Sainte-Colombe-de-Sens, d.881 1.3.Hugo, Rector of Saint-Saulve, Valenciennes, in 867 1.4.Ct Rudolf II in Augstgau 2.Ct Conrad I of Paris and Auxerre, d.after 862; m.Aelis, dau.of Ct Hugo of Tours 2.1.Ct Welf I im Argengau und Linzgau, d.before 876; NOTE: the editors of Europaeische Stammtafeln now hold the position that Welf's parentage cannot be proved, but that it is extremely likely that he was son of Conrad (or, if not, of Conrad's brother Rudolf) 2.1.1.Ct Conrad im Linzgau 2.1.2.Ct Eticho im Ammergau, d.ca 910 2.1.2.1.Ct Heinrich "with the Golden Wagon"; m.Atha von Hohenwart (d.after 975) 2.1.2.1.1.Ct Eticho in Bavaria 2.1.2.1.2.[St.] Conrad, Bp of Constance, d.975 2.1.2.1.3.Ct Rudolf; m.NN 2.1.2.1.3.1.Ct Rudolf II in Altdorf; m.Ita, dau.of Ct Kuno von Oeningen 2.1.2.1.3.1.1.Ct Heinrich in Altdorf, d.ca 1000 2.1.2.1.3.1.2.Ct Welf II im Lechrain, d.1030; m.ca 1015 Irmtrud, dau.of Ct Friedrich of Luxemburg 2.1.2.1.3.1.2.1.Welf III, Duke of Carinthia, d.1055 2.1.2.1.3.1.2.2.Kunigunde, b.ca 1020, d.before 1055; m.ca 1035 Azzo II, Marchese d'Este (d.1097); for their issue, see Part 2 2.1.2.1.3.1.3.Richardis, d.1045; m.Ct Adalbero von Ebersberg (d.1045) 2.1.2.1.3.2.Eticho, Bp of Augsburg, d.988 2.2.Conrad, Cte d'Auxerre, Margrave of Transjurania; m.Waldrada N 2.2.1.Rudolf I, proclaimed as King of Burgundy 888, d.912; m.Willa, possibly dau.of King Boso of Burgundy 2.2.1.1.King Rudolf II of Burgundy and Italy, d.937; m.ca 922 Bertha, dau.of Duke Burchard II of Swabia 2.2.1.1.1.King Conrad "the Peaceful" of Burgundy, d.993; m.1st Adelana N; m.2d ca 964 Matilda (d.981/2) dau.of King Louis IV of France [by 1st m.]: 2.2.1.1.1.1.Kuno, d.after 966 2.2.1.1.1.2.Gisela, d.1007; m.Duke Heinrich II of Bavaria [by 2d m.]: 2.2.1.1.1.3.King Rudolf III of Burgundy, d.1032; m.1st before 994 Agaltrudis N (d.1008/11); m.2d 1011 Ermengarde (d.after 1057) widow of Ct Rotbald of Provence 2.2.1.1.1.4.Matilda; her marriage is unknown, but she was grandmother of Ct Gerold of Geneva 2.2.1.1.1.5.Barthe, d.after 1016; m.1st Cte Eudes I de Blois (d.995/6); m.2d 997 King Robert II of France (d.1031) 2.2.1.1.1.6.Gerberga; m.1st Ct Hermann von Werl; m.2d ca 998 Duke Hermann II of Swabia (d.1003) 2.2.1.1.1.7.[illegitimate by Aldiud N] Bouchard, Archbishop of Lyon, d.1030 2.2.1.1.2.Rudolf, living 961/2 2.2.1.1.3.Bouchard, Archbishop of Lyon, d.957/9 2.2.1.1.4.Adelaide, d.999; m.1st 947 Lothar d'Arles, King of Italy (d.950); m.2D 951 Emperor Otto I (d.973) 2.2.1.2.Ct Ludwig im Thurgau; m.Edgifa, dau.of King Edward I of England 2.2.1.2.1.Ct Heinrich in der Vaud 2.2.1.3.Waldrada; m.923 Duke Bonifacius of Spoleto (d.953) 2.2.1.4.Judith 2.2.2.Adelaide; m.Richard le Justicier, Duke of Burgundy 2.3.Hugo Abbas, Cte d'Auxerre, de Tours, et d'Angers, Margrave of Neustria, d.886 2.4.Rudolf, Abbot of St-Riquier 3.Judith, d.843; m.819 Emperor Louis I (d.840) 4.Hemma, d.876; m.827 Emperor Louis II (d.876) End of Part 1 Part 2. Azzo II, Marchese d'Este (997-1097) m.1st ca 1035 Kunigunde (see Part 1); m.2d Gersende, dau.of Cte Herbert I du Maine and ex-wife of Cte Thibaut III de Blois; by the second marriage he had two sons: Cte Hugues V du Maine, who sold the Comte' of Maine to his cousin, Helie de la Fleche ca 1093, and Folco I d'Este (d.1128); for the descendants of Folco, see Part 8. Azzo II had by Kunigunde one son: Welf IV, Duke of Bavaria (d.1101), who m.1st Ethelinde, dau.of Otto von Northeim, Duke of Bavaria, and m.2d 1071 Judith, dau.of Duke Richard III of Normandy. By the first marriage Welf acquired Bavaria; by the second he had 2 sons: Welf V, DFuke of Bavaria (ca 1073-1120), who m.1089 Matilda of Tuscany; and Heinrich "the Black", Duke of Bavaria (ca 1074-1126), who m.Wulfhild (d.1126) dau.of Duke Magnus of Saxony, and had issue: 1.Heinrich "the Proud", Duke of Bavaria and Saxony (ca 1100-1139); m.1127 Gertrud (d.1143) dau.of Emperor Lothar, and grandaughter of Gertrude, heiress of the first Counts of Brunswick 1.1.Heinrich "the Lion", Duke of Saxony and Bavaria (1129-1195); about 1180 he fell from power and lost his duchies, but the family kept their new family lands in Brunswick; m.1st ca 1150 (div 1162) Klementia, dau.of Duke Konrad I von Zaehringen; m.2d 1168 Matilda (d.1189) dau.of King Henry II of England; m.3d Ida, dau.of Ct Gottfried von Bliescastel [by 1st m.]: 1.1.1.Heinrich, d.young 1.1.2.Gertrud (ca 1155-1196); m.1st 1166 Duke Friedrich IV of Swabia (d.1167); m.2d King Knut IV of Denmark (d.1202) 1.1.3.Richza, d.ca 1167 [by 2d m.]: 1.1.4.Heinrich I, Ct Palatine of the Rhine (ca 1173-1227); m.1st 1194 Agnes (d.1204) dau.of Conrad, Ct Palatine of the Rhine; m.2d ca 1209 Agnes (d.1248) dau.of Mgve Konrad von der Lausitz; all kids were by 1st m. 1.1.4.1.Heinrich II, Ct Palatine of the Rhine (ca 1195-1214); m.ca 1212 Matilda (d.1267) dau.of Duke Henry I of Brabant 1.1.4.2.Irmingard (ca 1200-1260); m.ca 1220 Mgve Hermann V of Baden (d.1243) 1.1.4.3.Agnes (ca 1201-1267); m.1225 Duke Otto II of Bavaria (d.1253) 1.1.5.Lothar (1174/5-1190) 1.1.6.Emperor Otto IV (1177-1218); m.1st 1212 Beatrix von Hohenstaufen (1198-1212) dau.of Emperor Philipp; m.2d after 19 May 1214 Marie (d.after 9 Mar 1260) dau.of Duke Henry I of Brabant 1.1.7.Wilhelm (1184-1213); m.1202 Helene (d.1233) dau.of King Waldemar I of Denmark 1.1.7.1.Otto I "the Child", Duke of Brunswick and Lueneburg (1204-1252); m.1228 Matilda (d.1261) dau.of Mgve Albrecht II of Brandenburg 1.1.7.1.1.Otto, d.1247 1.1.7.1.2.Albrecht "the Great", Duke of Brunswick (1236-1279); m.1st 1254 Elizabeth (1243- 1261) dau.of Duke Henry II of Brabant; m.2d 1263 Alessina (d.1285) dau.of Mgve Bonifacius of Montferrat; for his descendants (all by the 2d wife) see Part 3 1.1.7.1.3.Duke Johann of Lueneburg, d.1277; m.1265 Liutgard (d.after 28 Feb 1289) dau.of Ct Gerhard I of Holstein 1.1.7.1.3.1.Duke Otto II of Lueneburg, d.1330; m.1287 Matilde (1275-1319) dau.of Duke Ludwig II of Bavaria 1.1.7.1.3.1.1.Johann, administrator of the archbishopric of Bremen, d.1324 1.1.7.1.3.1.2.Duke Otto III of Lueneburg (1296-1352); m.1310 Matilde (b.1293, d.after 1358) dau.of Fst Heinrich II of Mecklenburg 1.1.7.1.3.1.2.1.Otto, d.young 1.1.7.1.3.1.2.2.Elisabeth, Abbess of Wienhausen, d.1386 1.1.7.1.3.1.2.3.Matilde, d.1357; m.1339 Ct Otto II von Waldeck (d.ca 1369) 1.1.7.1.3.1.3.Duke Wilhelm of Lueneburg, d.1369; m.1st Hedwig (d.1334) dau.of Ct Otto IV von Ravensberg; m.2d Marie N (d.before 2 Feb 1341); m.3d 1346 Sofie (d.1361) dau.of Ct Bernhard III of Anhalt-Bernburg; m.4th 1363 Agnes (d.ca 1388) dau.of Duke Erich II of Saxe-Lauenburg 1.1.7.1.3.1.3.1.Elisabeth, d.1384; m.1st 1339 Duke Otto of Saxe-Wittenberg (d.1350); m.2d 1354 Ct Nikolaus of Holstein (d.1397) 1.1.7.1.3.1.3.2.Matilde, d.after 1410; m.1st 1359 Duke Ludwig of Brunswick (d.1367); m.2d 1368 Ct Otto I von Holstein-Schauenburg (d.after 6 May 1405) 1.1.7.1.3.1.4.Ludwig, Bp of Minden, d.1346 1.1.7.1.3.1.5.Matilde; m.1315 Fst Nikolaus II von Werl (d.1316) 1.1.7.1.3.1.6.Luitgard, Abbess of Wienhausen, d.1338 1.1.7.1.3.1.7.Jutta, Abbess of Wienhausen, d.1342 1.1.7.1.3.2.Matilde, d.after 1301; m.1291 Fst Heinrich I von Werl (d.1291) 1.1.7.1.3.3.Elisabeth, d.before 1298; m.before 1294 Ct Johann II of Oldenburg (d.1314/5) 1.1.7.1.3.4.Agnes, d.ca 1314; m.ca 1283 Werner I von Hadmersleben (d.before 1293) 1.1.7.1.3.5.Helene; m.Ct Konrad III von Wernigerode (d.1339) 1.1.7.1.4.Otto, Bp of Hildesheim, d.1279 1.1.7.1.5.Konrad, Bp of Verden, d.1300 1.1.7.1.6.Matilde, d.1295/8; m.1245 Ct Heinrich II of Anhalt (d.1266) 1.1.7.1.7.Helene (ca 1231-1273); m.1st 1239 Ldgve Hermann II of Thuringia (d.1241); m.2d 1247/8 Duke Albrecht I of Saxe-Wittenberg (d.1261) 1.1.7.1.8.Elisabeth, d.1266; m.1252 Ct William II of Holland, German King (d.1256) 1.1.7.1.9.Adelheid, d.1274; m.before 10 Sep 1263 Ldgve Heinrich I of Hesse (d.1308) 1.1.7.1.10.Agnes, d.after 1302; m.Fst Wizlaw III of Ruegen (d.1302) [by 3d m.]: 1.1.8.Matilda, b.ca 1150, d.before 1219; m.1167 Fst Heinrich Borwin I of Mecklenburg (d.1227) 2.Konrad, a Cistercian monk, d.1126 3.Welf VI, Duke of Spoleto (1115-1191); m.Uta, dau.of Ct Gottfried von Calw, Ct Palatine of the Rhine 3.1.Welf VII, d.1167 4.Sofie, d.1145; m.1st Duke Berthold III von Zaehringen (d.1122); m.2d Mgve Leopold of Austria (d.1129) 5.Judith, b.ca 1100, d.after 1130; m.ca 1121 Duke Friedrich II of Swabia (d.1147) 6.Mathilde, d.1183; m.1st ca 1128 Mgve Dietrich IV von Vohburg (d.ca 1130); m.2d before 1132 Ct Gebhard II von Sulzbach (d.1188) 7.Wulfhild, d.after 1160; m.Ct Rudolf von Bregenz (d.1160) End of Part 2 Part 3. Duke Albrecht I of Brunswick (see Part 2) had issue: 1.Duke Heinrich I of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (1267-1322); m.1282 Agnes (d.after 1332) dau.of Mgve Albrecht of Meissen 1.1.Otto, b.ca 1183, d.before 21 Sep 1309 1.2.Albrecht, b.ca 1284, d.after 1341 1.3.Duke Heinrich II of B-G (ca 1289-1351); m.1st 1318 Jutta, dau.of Mgve Heinrich I of Brandenburg; m.2d 1330 Heloise (d.1347/8) dau.of Philippe d'Ibelin [by 1st m.]: 1.3.1.Duke Otto of B-G, Pr of Taranto (1320-1399); m.1st 1353 Yolande (d.before 1372) dau.of Berengar de Villaragut; m.2d 1376 Queen Joanna I of Naples (d.1382) 1.3.2.Johann, a canon in Halberstadt, d.1371 1.3.3.Ludwig, a canon in Camin, d.after 26 May 1373 1.3.4.Agnes, b.1318, d.before 2 Jun 1371 Duke Barnim III of Pomerania (d.1368) [by 2d m.]: 1.3.5.Philipp, Constable of Jerusalem, b.ca 1332, d.1370/80; m.1st ca 1352 Helisia, dau.of Eudes de Dampierre; m.2d 1368 Alix d'Ibelin (d.after 6 Aug 1386) 1.3.5.1.[by 1st m.]Helisia (1353-1421); m.Jacques de Lusignan, King of Cyprus and Armenia (d.1398) 1.3.6.Balthasar, d.after 1384; m.1379 Jacobella (d.after 25 May 1400) dau.of Cte Honorato Caetani di Fondi 1.3.7.Thomas, an Augustinian, d.1384 1.3.8.Melchior, Bp of Osnabrueck and Schwerin (ca 1341-1384) 1.3.9.Riddag, d.ca 1366 1.4.Friedrich, a Cistercian (ca 1291-1323) 1.5.Konrad, a Cistercian (ca 1294-1320) 1.6.Duke Ernst II of Brunswick-Osterode, d.1361; m.1335/6 Adelheid (d.after 29 Sep 1373) dau.of Ct Heinrich II von Everstein 1.6.1.Otto, b.ca 1337, d.young 1.6.2.Duke Albrecht II of Brunswick-Salzderhelden, d.before 11 Sep 1383; m.1371 Agnes (d.1410) dau.of Duke Magnus of Brunswick 1.6.2.1.Duke Erich of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (ca 1380-1427); m.1405 Elisabeth (d.1444) dau.of Duke Otto of Brunswick-Goettingen (d.1444) 1.6.2.1.1.Duke Heinrich III of B-G, d.1464; m.ca 1457 Margarete (d.after 9 May 1491) dau.of Duke Johann I of Sagan 1.6.2.1.1.1.Otto, b.ca 1458, d.young 1.6.2.1.1.2.Duke Heinrich IV of B-G (ca 1460-1526); m.1494 Margarete (d.1541) dau.of Duke Johann IV of Saxe-Lauenburg 1.6.2.1.2.Duke Ernst of B-G, d.1466 1.6.2.1.3.Duke Albrecht III of B-G (1419-1485); m.1471 Elisabeth (d.after 15 Mar 1513) dau.of Ct Volrad von Waldeck 1.6.2.1.3.1.Justus, b.and d.1472 1.6.2.1.3.2.Duke Philipp I of B-G (ca 1476-1551); m.1st ca 1508 NN (d.1509); m.2d 1517 Katharina (1501-1535) dau.of Ct Ernst II von Mansfeld 1.6.2.1.3.2.1.Philipp (1509-1512) 1.6.2.1.3.2.2.Duke Ernst of B-G (1518-1567); m.1548 Margarete (d.1569) dau.of Duke Georg of Pomerania 1.6.2.1.3.2.2.1.Elisabeth (1550-1586); m.1568 Duke Johann of Holstein-Sonderburg (d.1622) 1.6.2.1.3.2.3.Albrecht (1521-1546) 1.6.2.1.3.2.4.Philipp (1523-1531) 1.6.2.1.3.2.5.Johann (1526-1557) 1.6.2.1.3.2.6.Duke Wolfgang of B-G (1531-1595); m.1570 Dorothea (1543-1586) dau.of Duke Franz I of Saxe-Lauenburg 1.6.2.1.3.2.7.Duke Philipp II of B-G (1533-1596); m.1560 Klara (1532-1595) dau.of Duke Heinrich II of Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel 1.6.2.1.3.2.8.Elisabeth, b.and d.1520 1.6.2.1.3.2.9.Katharina (1524-1581); m.1st 1542 Duke Johann Ernst of Saxe-Coburg (d.1553); m.2d 1559 Ct Philipp I von Schwarzburg-Leutenberg (d.1564) 1.6.2.1.3.2.10.Barbara, b.and d.1528 1.6.2.1.3.3.Ernst, b.ca 1477, d.before 13 Mar 1496 1.6.2.1.3.4.Erich, Bp of Muenster (ca 1478-1532) 1.6.2.1.3.5.Sofie, b.ca 1474, d.young 1.6.2.1.4.Agnes, Abbess of Gandersheim, d.1439 1.6.2.1.5.Sofie, Abbess of Gandersheim, d.1485 1.6.2.1.6.Elisabeth, d.1452; m.after 1429 Duke Kasimir VI of Pomerania (d.1434) 1.6.2.1.7.Margarete, d.after 1456; m.1426 Simon IV zur Lippe (d.1429) 1.6.2.1.8.Anna, d.1474; m.1st 1437 Duke Albrecht III of Bavaria (d.1460); m.2d 1463 Duke Friedrich II of Brunswick-Lueneburg (d.1495) 1.6.3.Duke Johann of Brunswick-Osterode, d.1401 1.6.4.Ernst, Abbot of Corvey 1.6.5.Duke Friedrich of Brunswick-Osterode, d.before 4 May 1421; m.Adelheid of Anhalt 1.6.5.1.Duke Otto of B-O (ca 1396-1452); m.1414 Schonette (d.1436) dau.of Ct Johann I of Nassau-Saarbruecken 1.6.6.Adelheid, d.after 1394; m.1362 Duke Bogislaw V of Pomeranie (d.1373) 1.6.7.Agnes; m.Ct Ulrich III von Hohnstein (d.1404) 1.6.8.Anna, d.after 1408; m.before 1364 CtHeinrich VIII vonHohnstein (d.1408) 1.6.9.Anna, Abbess of Osterode, d.after 1437 1.7.Duke Wilhelm of Brunswick-Herzberg, d.1360 1.8.Johann, a canon in Einbeck, d.1367 1.9.Adelheid (ca 1285-1320); m.1315 Duke Heinrich of Carinthia (d.1335) 1.10.Facie, b.ca 1286, d.before 17 Nov 1312 1.11.Agnes, a nun in Osterode, d.after 1332 1.12.Adelheid=Irene (ca 1293-1324); m.1318 Emperor Andronicos III of Byzantium (d.1341) 1.13.Mechtild, d.before 14 Mar 1344; m.before 22 May 1318 Johann II von Werl (d.1337) 1.14.Richardis, a nun, d.after 1332 1.15.Margarete, d.after 17 Nov 1312 2.Duke Albrecht II of Brunswick-Goettingen (ca 1268-1318); m.1284 Rixa, dau.of Fst Heinrich I von Werl 2.1.Duke Otto of B-G, b.before 24 Jun 1292, d.1344; m.1st 1311 Jutta (d.1317) dau.of Ldgve Heinrich I of Hesse; m.2d 1319 Agnes (1297-1334) dau.of Mgve Hermann of Brandenburg 2.1.1.Agnes, d.after 2 Jun 1371 2.2.Albrecht, Bp of Halberstadt, b.ca 1294, d.1359 2.3.Wilhelm, a Teutonic Knoght, b.ca 1295, d.before 1318 2.4.Heinrich, Bp of Hildesheim (1296/7-1363) 2.5.Bruno, d.1303 2.6.Duke Magnus I of Brunswick (ca 1304-1369); m.ca 1327 Sofie (d.1356) dau.of Mgve Heinrich I of Brandenburg 2.6.1.Duke Magnus II of Brunswick-Lueneburg (ca 1328-1373); m.before 1356 Katharina (d.1390) dau.of Fst Bernhard III of Anhalt-Bernburg 2.6.1.1.Duke Friedrich of Brunswick-Lueneburg, murdered 1400; m.1386 Anna (d.1440) dau.of Elector Wenzel of Saxony 2.6.1.1.1.Katharina, d.before 26 Nov 1439; m.1413 Ct Heinrich XXIV von Schwarzburg (d.1444) 2.6.1.1.2.Anna, d.1432; m.ca 1410 Duke Friedrich IV of Austria (d.1439) 2.6.1.2.Otto, Archbishop of Bremen, d.1406 2.6.1.3.Duke Bernhard I of Brunswick-Lueneburg, d.1434; m.1386 Margarete (d.1418) dau.of Elector Wenzel of Saxony; for their descendants see Part 5 2.6.1.4.Duke Heinrich II of Brunswick-Lueneburg, d.1416; m.1st 1388 Sofie (d.1406) dau.of Duke Wratislaw VI of Pomerania; m.2d 1409 Margarete (1389-1446) dau.of Ldgve Hermann of Hesse; for his descendants see Part 4 2.6.1.5.Agnes, d.1410; m.1371 Duke Albrecht II of Brunswick-Grubenhagen 2.6.1.6.Sofie, b.ca 1358, d.before 28 May 1416; m.1373 Duke Erich IV of Saxe-Lauenburg (d.1412) 2.6.1.7.Agnes, d.before 22 Dec 1434; m.1st 1366 Ct Busso IV von Mansfeld (d.1387); m.2d 1391 Duke Bogislaw VI of Pomerania-Wolgast (d.1393); m.3d 1396 Duke Albrecht II of Mecklenburg (d.1412) 2.6.1.8.Matilde, b.ca 1370, d.1432/4; m.1384/9 Ct Otto III von Hoya (d.1428) 2.6.1.9.Elisabeth, d.1420; m.before 5 Mar 1399 Ct Moritz IV of Oldenburg (d.1420) 2.6.1.10.Helene; m.before 1396 Ct Erich I von Hoya (d.1427) 2.6.1.11.Katharina, d.1417/22; m.1391 Duke Gerhard VI of Holstein (d.1404) 2.6.2.Albrecht, Archbishop of Bremen, d.1395 2.6.3.Heinrich, a canon in Hildesheim and Halberstadt, d.after 1382 2.6.4.Otto, d.1339 2.6.5.Duke Ludwig of Brunswick-Lueneburg, d.1367; m.1355 Matilde, dau.of Duke Wilhelm of Brunswick-Lueneburg 2.6.6.Matilde, d.after 28 Jun 1354 2.6.7.Sofie, d.1394; m.Ct Dietrich VI von Hohnstein (d.1379) 2.7.Duke Ernst of Brunswick-Goettingen (ca 1305-1367); m.1339 Elisabeth (d.1390) dau.of Ldgve Heinrich II of Hesse 2.7.1.Duke Otto of B-G (ca 1340-1394); m.1st 1357/8 Miroslawa (d.ca 1376) dau.of Duke Johann III of Holstein-Ploen; m.2d 1379 Margarete (ca 1364-1442) dau.of Ct Wilhelm II of Berg 2.7.1.1.Wilhelm (1380-1391) 2.7.1.2.Duke Otto "the One-Eyed" of B-G, d.1463; m.1404 Agnes (1391-1471) dau.of Ldgve Hermann II of Hesse 2.7.1.2.1.Margarete, d.before 1444 2.7.1.3.Anna (1387-1426); m.1st ca 1402 Mgve Wilhelm I of Meissen (d.1407); m.2d 1413 Ct Wilhelm III von Henneberg-Schleusingen (d.1426) 2.7.1.4.Elisabeth, d.1444; m.1405 Duke Erich of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d.1427) 2.7.2.Ernst, living 1355/6 2.7.3.Albrecht, living 1363 2.7.4.Adelheid; m.before 1371 Ct Heinrich X von Hohnstein (d.1426) 2.7.5.Rixa, Abbess of Mariengarten, d.after 1406 2.7.6.Agnes, d.after 13 Nov 1416; m.before 1363 Ct Gottfried VIII von Ziegenhain (d.1394) 2.8.Johann, a Teutonic Knight, d.1319/21 2.9.Adelheid, d.1311; m.1306 Ldgve Johann of Hesse (d.1311) 2.10.Richenza, b.1298, d.before 26 Apr 1317 2.11.Matilde, d.after 1 Jun 1356; m.before 1341 Ct Heinrich V von Hohnstein 3.Duke Wilhelm of Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel (ca 1270-1292); m.1290 Elisabeth (d.after 9 Jul 1306) dau.of Ldgve Heinrich I of Hesse 4.Otto, d.1345/7 5.Konrad, a Teutonic Knight, d.1303 6.Lueder, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, d.1335 7.Matilde, d.before 29 Jan 1319; m.before Apr 1290 Duke Heinrich III of Glogau (d.1309) End of Part 3 Part 4. Duke Heinrich II of Brunswick-Lueneburg (see part 3) had issue: 1.Duke Wilhelm I of Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel (1392-1482); m.1st 1423 Pss Caecilie of Brandenburg (d.1449); m.2d 1466 Css Matilde von Holstein-Schauenburg (d.1468) 1.1.Duke Wilhelm II of B-W, d.1503; m.1444 Css Elisabeth von Stolberg (d.1520/1) 1.1.1.Duke Heinrich I of B-W (1463-1514); m.1486 Pss Katharina of Pomerania (d.1526) 1.1.1.1.Christof, Archbishop of Bremen (1487-1558) 1.1.1.2.Duke Heinrich II of B-W (1489-1568); m.1st 1515 Css Marie of Wuerttemberg (1496- 1541); m.2d 1556 Pss Sofie of Poland (1522-1575) 1.1.1.2.1.Andreas, b.and d.1517 1.1.1.2.2.Karl Viktor (1525-1553) 1.1.1.2.3.Philipp Magnus (1527-1553) 1.1.1.2.4.Duke Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel (1528-1589); m.1560 Pss Hedwig of Brandenburg (1540-1602) 1.1.1.2.4.1.Duke Heinrich Julius of B-W (1564-1613); m.1st 1585 Pss Dorothea of Saxony (1563-1587); m.2d 1590 Pss Elizabeth of Denmark (1573-1625) 1.1.1.2.4.1.1.Duke Friedrich Ulrich of B-W (1591-1634); m.1614 Pss Anna Sofie of Brandenburg (1598-1659) 1.1.1.2.4.1.2.Heinrich Julius (1597-1606) 1.1.1.2.4.1.3.Christian, Bp of Halberstadt (1599-1626) 1.1.1.2.4.1.4.Rudolf (1602-1616) 1.1.1.2.4.1.5.Heinrich Karl (1609-1615) 1.1.1.2.4.1.6.Dorothea Hedwig (1587-1609); m.1605 Fst Rudolf of Anhalt-Zerbst (d.1621) 1.1.1.2.4.1.7.Sofie Hedwig (1592-1642); m.1607 Ct Ernst Kasimir of Nassau-Dietz (d.1632) 1.1.1.2.4.1.8.Elisabeth (1593-1650); m.1st 1612 Duke August of Saxony (d.1615); m.2d 1618 Duke Johann Philipp of Saxe-Altenburg (d.1639) 1.1.1.2.4.1.9.Hedwig (1595-1650); m.1619 Duke Ulrich of Pomerania (d.1622) 1.1.1.2.4.1.10.Anna Auguste (1612-1673); m.1638 Fst Georg Ludwig of Nassau-Dillenburg (d.1656) 1.1.1.2.4.2.Philipp Siegmund, Bp of Verden & Osnabrueck (1568-1623) 1.1.1.2.4.3.Joachim Karl, a canon in Strassburg (1573-1615) 1.1.1.2.4.4.Julius August, Abbot of Michaelstein (1578-1617) 1.1.1.2.4.5.Sofie Hedwig (1561-1631); m.1577 Duke Ernst Ludwig of Pomerania (d.1592) 1.1.1.2.4.6.Marie (1566-1626); m.1582 Duke Franz II of Saxe-Lauenburg (d.1619) 1.1.1.2.4.7.Elisabeth (1567-1618); m.1st 1583 Ct Adolf XIII von Holstein-Schauenburg (d.1601); m.2d 1604 Duke Christof of Brunswick-Harburg (d.1606) 1.1.1.2.4.8.Margarete (1571-1580) 1.1.1.2.4.9.Sabine Katharina (1574-1590) 1.1.1.2.4.10.Dorothea Auguste, Abbess of Gandersheim (1577-1625) 1.1.1.2.4.11.Hedwig (1580-1657); m.1621 Duke Otto III of Brunswick-Harburg (d.1641) 1.1.1.2.5.Heinrich, d.young 1.1.1.2.6.Johann, d.young 1.1.1.2.7.Joachim, d.young 1.1.1.2.8.Katharina (1518-1574); m.1537 Mgve Johann of Brandenburg-Kuestrin (d.1571) 1.1.1.2.9.Marie, Abbess of Gandersheim (1521-1539) 1.1.1.2.10.Klara (1532-1595); m.1560 Duke Philipp II of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d.1596) 1.1.1.2.11.Margarete, d.1580; m.1561 Duke Johann von Muensterberg (d.1565) 1.1.1.3.Franz, Bp of Minden (1492-1529) 1.1.1.4.Georg, Archbishop of Bremen (1494-1566) 1.1.1.5.Erich (ca 1500-1553) 1.1.1.6.Wilhelm, d.1557 1.1.1.7.Johann, d.young 1.1.1.8.Katharina (1488-1563); m.1509 Duke Magnus I of Saxe-Lauenburg (d.1543) 1.1.1.9.Elisabeth, Abbess of Steterburg, d.after 1532 1.1.2.Duke Erich I of Brunswick-Kalenberg (1470-1540); m.1st 1497 Pss katharina of Saxony (1468-1524); m.2d 1525 Pss Elisabeth of Brandenburg (1510-1558) 1.1.2.1.Duke Erich II of B-K (1528-1584); m.1st 1545 (div 1573) Pss Sidonie of Saxony (1518- 1575); m.2d 1576 Dorothea of Lorraine (1545-after 1618); he left two illegitimate kids by Katharina von Wedden: 1.1.2.1.1.Wilhelm, Herr von Lysfelt, d.1565 1.1.2.1.2.Katharina, b.before 9 May 1564; m.before 1589 Giovanni Andrea Doria (d.1606) 1.1.2.2.Anna Marie, b.1524, d.young 1.1.2.3.Elisabeth, d.1566; m.1543 Ct Georg Ernst von Henneberg (d.1583) 1.1.2.4.Anna Marie (1532-1568); m.1550 Duke Albrecht of Prussia (d.1568) 1.1.2.5.Katharina (1534-1559); m.1557 Baron Wilhelm von Rosenberg (d.1592) 1.1.3.Anna (ca 1460-1520); m.1488 Ldgve Wilhelm I of Hesse (d.1515) 1.2.Duke Freidrich II of Brunswick-Kalenberg, d.1495; m.1st 1463 Anna of Brunswick- Grubenhagen (d.1474); m.2d 1483 Margarete von Rietberg (d.after 1519) 1.3.Otto (1468-1471) 2.Duke Heinrich of Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel (1411-1473); m.1436 Helene of Cleves (1423-1471) 2.1.Margarete (1451-1509); m.1469 Ct Wilhelm V von Henneberg-Schleusingen (d.1480) 3.Katharina, d.1442; m.1402 Elector Friedrich I of Saxony (d.1428) End of Part 4 Part 5. Duke Bernhard I of Brunswick-Lueneburg (see Part 3) had issue: 1.Duke Otto I of B-L, d.1445; m.1425 Css Elisabeth von Everstein (d.ca 1468) 2.Duke Friedrich of B-L, d.1478; m.1429 Pss Magdalene of Brandenburg (d.1454) 2.1.Duke Bernhard II of B-L, d.1464; m.1463 Css Matilde von Schauenburg (d.1468) 2.2.Duke Otto II of B-L (1439-1471); m.1467 Css Anna of Nassau-Dietz (1440/1-1514) 2.2.1.Duke Heinrich of B-L (1468-1532); m.1st 1487 Pss Margarete of Saxony (1469-1528); m.2d 1528 Anna von Campe [from this 2d, morganatic, marriage there were children of whom I have no details 2.2.1.1.Duke Otto I of Brunswick-Harburg (1495-1549); m.1524 Meta von Campe (d.1580) 2.2.1.1.1.Otto, b.and d.1527 2.2.1.1.2.Ernst (1527-1540) 2.2.1.1.3.Duke Otto II of B-H (1528-1603); m.1st 1551 Css Margarete von Schwarzburg- Leutenberg (ca 1530-1559); m.2d 1562 Css Hedwig von Ostfriesland (d.1616) 2.2.1.1.3.1.Otto Heinrich (1555-1591); m.Marie de Henin-Lietard 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.Karl von Braunschweig-Lueneburg, Gov of Beaumont in Luxemburg, d.1620; m.1618 Marie Wouters, heiress of Dyck (d.1619) 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.Alexander; m.1657 Isabelle Borluit (d.1709) 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.1.Karl, b.1658 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.2.Jakob Philipp 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.3.Ferdinand, b.1666; m.1695 Catherine Taymans (1673-1746) 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.3.1.Ferdinand (1696-1753) 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.3.2.Johann Baptist, b.1697 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.3.3.Gery 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.3.4.Franz 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.3.5.Marie Anna (1699-1774) 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.3.6.Catherine Beguine (1701-1767) 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.3.7.Marie Madeleine (1703-1770) 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.4.Eleonore, b.1659 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.5.Marie Isabelle 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.6.Anna Caroline; m.1st Don Bernardo de Afflito; m.2d Pierre de Smeedt 2.2.1.1.3.1.1.1.7.Isabelle Alexandrine (1665-1758) 2.2.1.1.3.2.Johann Friedrich (1557-1619) 2.2.1.1.3.3.Duke Wilhelm August of B-H (1564-1642) 2.2.1.1.3.4.Enno (1565-1600) 2.2.1.1.3.5.Heinrich (1568-1569) 2.2.1.1.3.6.Duke Christof of B-H (1570-1606); m.1604 Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel (1567-1618) 2.2.1.1.3.7.Johann (1573-1625) 2.2.1.1.3.8.Friedrich (1578-1605) 2.2.1.1.3.9.August Friedrich, b.and d.1580 2.2.1.1.3.10.Elisabeth Anna (1553-1618); m.1582 Ct Erich von Brahe (d.1614) 2.2.1.1.3.11.Anna Margarete, a nun at Quedlinburg (1567-1643) 2.2.1.1.3.12.Hedwig (1569-1620) 2.2.1.1.3.13.Elisabeth (1574-1575) 2.2.1.1.3.14.Katharina Sofie (1577-1665); m.1609 Ct Hermann II von Schaumburg (d.1634) 2.2.1.1.4.Friedrich (1530-1533) 2.2.1.1.5.Anna (1526-1527) 2.2.1.1.6.Margarete (1532-1539) 2.2.1.1.7.Susanna (1536-1581) 2.2.1.2.Duke Ernst II of Brunswick-Lueneburg (1497-1546); m.1528 Sofie of Mecklenburg (1508- 1541); for their descendants see Part 6 2.2.1.3.Duke Franz of Brunswick-Giffhorn (1508-1549); m.1547 Pss Klara of Saxe-Lauenburg (1518-1576) 2.2.1.3.1.Katharina (1548-1565); m.1564 Heinrich VI Reuss, Burggrave of Meissen (d.1572) 2.2.1.3.2.Klara (1550-1598); m.1st 1565 Fst Bernhard VII of Anhalt (d.1570); m.2d 1572 Duke Bogislaw XIII of Pomerania-Barth (d.1606) 2.2.1.4.Anna, b.1492, d.young 2.2.1.5.Elisabeth (1494-1572); m.1519 Duke Karl of Geldern (d.1538) 2.2.1.6.Appolonia (1499-1571) 2.2.1.7.Anna (1502-1568); m.1525 Duke Barnim XI of Pomerania-Stettin (d.1573) 2.2.2.Wilhelm, d.1480 2.3.Margarete, d.1512; m.1452 Duke Heinrich of Mecklenburg-Stargard (d.1466) 3.Katharina, d.1429; m.Duke Kasimir V of Pomerania-Stettin (d.1434) End of Part 5 Part 6. Duke Ernst of Brunswick-Lueneburg (see Part 5) had issue: 1.Duke Franz Otto of B-L (1530-1559); m.1559 Pss Elisabeth Magdalene of Brandenburg (1537- 1595) 2.Friedrich (1532-1553) 3.Duke Heinrich of Brunswick-Dannenberg (1533-1598); m.1569 Pss Ursula of Saxe-Lauenburg (1545-1620) 3.1.Duke Julius Ernst of B-D (1571-1636); m.1st 1614 Css Marie von Ostfriesland (1582-1616); m.2d 1617 Sibylle of Brunswick-Lueneburg (below) 3.1.1.Siegmund Heinrich, b.and d.1615 3.1.2.August, b.and d.1619 3.1.3.Marie Katharine (1616-1665); m.1635 Duke Adolf Friedrich I of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d.1658) 3.1.4.Anna Marie, b.and d.1622 3.2.Franz, a canon in Strassburg (1572-1601) 3.3.Heinrich (1574-1575) 3.4.Duke August of B-D-Wolfenbuettel (1579-1666); m.1st 1607 Pss Klara marie of Pomerania (1574-1623); m.2d 1623 Pss Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst (1607-1634); m.3d 1635 Dss Elisabeth Sofie of Mecklenburg-Guestrow (1613-1676) 3.4.1.Heinrich August (1625-1627) 3.4.2.Duke Rudolf August of Brunswick (1627-1704); m.1st 1650 Css Christiane Elisabeth von Barby (1634-1681); m.2d 1681 Rosine Elisabeth Menthe (1663-1701) 3.4.2.1.Dorothea (1653-1722); m.1673 Duke Johann Adolf of Holstein-Ploen (d.1704) 3.4.2.2.Christine Sofie (1654-1695); m.1681 Duke August Wilhelm of Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel (below) 3.4.2.3.Eleonore Sofie (1655-1656) 3.4.3.Duke Anton Ulrich of Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel (1633-1714); m.1656 Pss Elisabeth Juliane of Holstein-Norburg (1634-1704) 3.4.3.1.August Friedrich (1657-1676) 3.4.3.2.Leopold August (1661-1662) 3.4.3.3.Duke August Wilhelm of B-W (1662-1731); m.1st 1681 Christine Sofie of Brunswick (above); m.2d 1695 Pss Sofie Amalie of Holstein-Gottorp (1670-1710); m.3d 1710 Pss Elisabeth of Holstein-Norburg (1683-1767) 3.4.3.4.August Heinrich (1663-1664) 3.4.3.5.August Karl, b.and d.1664 3.4.3.6.August Franz (1665-1666) 2.4.3.7.Duke Ludwig Rudolf of Brunswick-Blankenberg (1671-1735); m.1690 Css Christine Luise von Oettingen (1671-1747) 2.4.3.7.1.Elisabeth Christine (1691-1750); m.1708 Emperor Karl VI (d.1740) 2.4.3.7.2.Charlotte Auguste, b.and d.1692 2.4.3.7.3.Charlotte Christine Sofie (1694-1715); m.1711 Tsarevich Alexei of Russia (d.1718) 2.4.3.7.4.Antoinette Amalie (1696-1762); m.1712 Duke Ferdinand Albrecht II of B-W (below) 2.4.3.8.Elisabeth Eleonore (1658-1729); m.1st 1675 Duke Johann Georg of Mecklenburg- Schwerin (d.1675); m.2d 1681 Duke Bernhard I of Saxe-Meiningen (d.1706) 2.4.3.9.Anna Sofie (1659-1742); m.1677 Mgve Karl Gustav of Baden-Durlach (d.1703) 2.4.3.10.Auguste Dorothea (1666-1751); m.1684 Fst Anton Gunther II von Schwarzburg- Sondershausen (d.1716) 2.4.3.11.Amalie, b.and d.1668 2.4.3.12.Henriette Christine, Abbess of Gandersheim, then of Remiremont (1669-1753) 2.4.3.13.Sibylle Ursula (1672-1673) 2.4.4.Duke Ferdinand Albrecht I of Brunswick-Bevern (1636-1687); m.1667 Pss Christine of Hesse-Eschwege (1648-1702) 2.4.4.1.Leopold Karl, b.and d.1670 2.4.4.2.Friedrich Albrecht (1672-1673) 2.4.4.3.August Ferdinand (1677-1704) 2.4.4.4.Duke Ferdinand Albrecht II of Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel (1680-1735); m.1712 Antoinette Amalie (above) 2.4.4.4.1.Duke Karl I of Brunswick (1713-1780); m.1733 Pss Philippine Charlotte of Prussia (1716-1801) 2.4.4.4.1.1.Duke Karl II of Brunswick (1735-1806); m.1764 Pss Augusta of Great Britain (1737- 1813) 2.4.4.4.1.1.1.Karl Georg (1766-1806); m.1790 Pss Friederike of Orange-Nassau (1770-1819) 2.4.4.4.1.1.2.Georg (1769-1811) 2.4.4.4.1.1.3.August (1770-1820) 2.4.4.4.1.1.4.Duke Friedrich Wilhelm of Brunswick (1771-1815); m.1802 Pss Marie of Baden (1782-1808) 2.4.4.4.1.1.4.1.Duke Karl III of Brunswick (1804-1873); declared incapable of reigning by the German Diet in 1830 2.4.4.4.1.1.4.1.1.[illegtimate by Lady Charlotte Colville, though he may have married her] Elisabeth Wilhelmine Gfin von Colmar (1826-1880); m.1847 Pierre Antoine Eugene du Collin, Cte de Civry 2.4.4.4.1.1.4.2.Duke Wilhelm of Brunswick (1806-1884) 2.4.4.4.1.1.5.Auguste (1764-1788); m.1780 Friedrich, Duke [later, King] ofWuerttemberg (d.1816) 2.4.4.4.1.1.6.Karoline (1768-1821); m.1795 King George IV of Great Britain (1762-1830) 2.4.4.4.1.1.7.Amalie (1772-1773) 2.4.4.4.1.2.Georg (1736-1737) 2.4.4.4.1.3.Christian Ludwig (1738-1742) 2.4.4.4.1.4.Friedrich August, Fuerst von Oels (1740-1805); m.1768 Dss Friedrike of Wuerttemberg-Oels (1751-1789) 2.4.4.4.1.5.Albrecht Heinrich (1742-1761) 2.4.4.4.1.6.Wilhelm Adolf (1745-1770) 2.4.4.4.1.7.Leopold (1752-1785) 2.4.4.4.1.8.Sofie Karoline (1737-1817); m.1759 Mgve Friedrich of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (d.1763) 2.4.4.4.1.9.Anna Amalie (1739-1807); m.1756 Duke Ernst August II of Saxe-Weimar (d.1758) 2.4.4.4.1.10.Luise (1743-1744) 2.4.4.4.1.11.Elisabeth (1746-1840); m.1765 (div 1769) Pr Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia ]later, King Friedrich Wilhelm II] 2.4.4.4.1.12.Friederike (1748-1758) 2.4.4.4.1.13.Auguste Dorothea, Abbess of Gandersheim (1749-1810) 2.4.4.4.2.Anton Ulrich (1714-1774); m.1739 Dss Elisabeth of Mecklenburg (1718-1746) granddau. of Tsar Ivan V of Russia 2.4.4.4.2.1.Tsar Ivan VI of Russia (1740-1764); he reigned from the death of Tsarina Anna, his great-great-aunt, 28 Oct 1740, until he was overthrown, at the age of 15 months, 7 Dec 1741, by his cousin the Tsarina Elizabeth; he and his siblings and parents were held in house arrest at monasteries in Russia until their respective deaths, which may or may not have been natural 2.4.4.4.2.2.Peter (1745-1798) 2.4.4.4.2.3.Alexei (1746-1787) 2.4.4.4.2.4.Catherine (1741-1807) 2.4.4.4.2.5.Elizabeth (1743-1782) 2.4.4.4.3.Ludwig Ernst (1718-1788) 2.4.4.4.4.August (1719-1720) 2.4.4.4.5.Ferdinand (1721-1792) 2.4.4.4.6.Albrecht (1725-1745) 2.4.4.4.7.Friedrich Wilhelm (1731-1732) 2.4.4.4.8.Friedrich Franz (1732-1758) 2.4.4.4.9.Elisabeth Christine (1715-1797); m.1733 KingFriedrich II "the Great" of Prussia (d.1786) 2.4.4.4.10.Luise Amalie (1722-1780); m.1742 Pr August Wilhelm of Prussia (d.1758) 2.4.4.4.11.Sofie Antonie (1724-1802); m.1749 Duke Ernst Friedrich of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (d.1800) 2.4.4.4.12.Charlotte Christine (1726-1766) 2.4.4.4.13.Therese natalie, Abbess of Gandersheim (1728-1778) 2.4.4.4.14.Juliane Marie (1729-1796); m.1752 King Frederik V of Denmark (d.1766) 2.4.4.5.Ferdinand Christian (1682-1706) 2.4.4.6.Duke Ernst Ferdinand of Brunswick-Bevern (1682-1746); m.1714 Pss Eleonore Charlotte of Courland (1686-1748) 2.4.4.6.1.August Wilhelm (1715-1781) 2.4.4.6.2.Georg Ludwig Friedrich (1721-1747) 2.4.4.6.3.Friedrich Georg (1723-1766) 2.4.4.6.4.Karl Wilhelm, b.and d.1725 2.4.4.6.5.Friedrich August (1726-1729) 2.4.4.6.6.Friedrich Karl Ferdinand (1729-1809); m.1782 Pss Anna Karoline of Nassau- Saarbruecken (1751-1824) 2.4.4.6.7.Johann Anton (1731-1732) 2.4.4.6.8.Christiane Sofie (1717-1779); m.1731 Mgve Friedrich Ernst of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (d.1762) 2.4.4.6.9.Friederike Albertine, Abbess of Steterburg (1719-1772) 2.4.4.6.10.Ernestine, b.and d.1721 2.4.4.6.11.Amalie Christine (1724-1726) 2.4.4.6.12.Marie Anna (1728-1754) 2.4.4.7.Heinrich Ferdinand (1684-1706) 2.4.4.8.Sofie Eleonore (1674-1711) 2.4.4.9.Klaudia Eleonore (1675-1676) 2.4.5.Christian Franz, b.and d.1639 2.4.6.Sibylle Ursula (1629-1671); m.1663 Duke Christian of Holstein-Gluecksburg (d.1698) 2.4.7.Klara Auguste (1632-1700); m.1653 Duke Friedrich of Wuerttemberg-Neustadt (d.1682) 2.4.8.Marie Elisabeth (1638-1687); m.1st 1663 Duke Adolf Wilhelm of Saxe-Eisenach (d.1668); m.2d 1676 Duke Albert of Saxe-Coburg (d.1699) 2.5.Anna Sofie (1673-1674) 2.6.Sibylle Elisabeth (1576-1630); m.1600 Ct Anton II of Oldenburg (d.1619) 2.7.Sidonie (1577-1645) 3.Duke Wilhelm of Brunswick-Lueneburg (1535-1592); m.1561 Pss Dorothea of Denmark (1546- 1617) 3.1.Duke Ernst II of B-L (1564-1611) 3.2.Duke Christian of B-L (1566-1633) 3.3.Duke August of B-L (1568-1636) 3.4.Duke Friedrich of B-L (1574-1648) 3.5.Magnus (1577-1632) 3.6.Georg (1582-1641); the story goes that his older brothers decided that only one of them should marry (I don't recall whether for financial reasons or out of disinclination) and chose Georg as the victim...er, I mean lucky man; he m.1617 Pss Anna Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt (1601-1659); for their descendants see Part 7 3.7.Johann, a canon in Minden (1583-1628) 3.8.Sofie (1563-1639); m.1579 Mgve Georg Friedrich of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d.1603) 3.9.Elisabeth (1565-1621); m.1585 Ct Friedrich von Hohenlohe-Langenburg (d.1590) 3.10.Dorothea (1570-1649); m.1586 Karl, Ct Palatine of Birkenfeld (d.1600) 3.11.Klara (1571-1658); m.1593 Ct Wilhelm von Schwarzburg-Blankenburg (d.1597) 3.12.Anna Ursula (1572-1601) 3.13.Margarete (1573-1643); m.1599 Duke Johann Kasimir of Saxe-Coburg (1564-1633) 3.14.Marie (1575-1610) 3.15.Sibylle (1584-1652); m.1617 Duke Julius Ernst of Brunswick-Dannenberg (d.1636) 4.Margarete (1534-1596); m.1559 Ct Johann von Mansfeld (d.1567) 5.Ursula (1536-1538) 6.Katharina (1537-1540) 7.Elisabeth Ursula (1539-1586); m.1558 Ct Otto IV von Holstein-Schauenburg (d.1576) 8.Magdalene Sofie (1540-1586); m.1561 Ct Arnold von Bentheim (d.1566) 9.Sofie (1541-1631); m.1562 Ct Poppo XVIII von Henneberg (d.1574) End of Part 6 Part 7.Duke Georg of Brunswick-Lueneburg (see part 6) had issue: 1.Duke Christian Ludwig of Brunswick-Celle (1622-1665); m.1653 Pss Dorothea of Holstein- Gluecksburg (1636-1689) 2.Duke Georg-Wilhelm of Brunswick-Celle (1624-1705); m.1665 Eleonore d'Olbreuse (1639- 1722) 2.1.Sofie Dorothea, cr Pss von Ahlden, where she was imprisoned after her divorce (1666-1726); m.1682 (div 1694) Pr Georg Ludwig of Hanover [later, King George I of Great Britain] (below) 3.Duke Johann Friedrich of Brunswick-Kalenberg (1625-1679); m.1668 Benedikte Henriette, Css Palatine of Simmern (1652-1730) 3.1.Anna Sofie (1670-1672) 3.2.Charlotte (1671-1710); m.1696 Reinaldo III d'Este, Duke of Modena (d.1737) 3.3.Henriette (1672-1737) 3.4.Wilhelmine Amalie (1673-1742); m.1699 Emperor Josef I (d.1711) 4.Ernst August, cr Elector of hanover 1692 (1629-1698); m.1658 Sofie, Css Palatine of Simmern (1630-1714); the British Act of Settlement provided that, in order to secure the Protestant succession, Sofie and her heirs would inherit the British throne upon the issueless deaths of King William III and Queen Anne (Sofie was daughter of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, daughter of King James I & VI; Anne survived Sofie by 2 months, or Sofie would have been Queen of Great Britain; Sofie's rights bypassed a few dozen Catholics with stronger claims, including her own niece/sister-in-law, the Duchess Benedikte Henriette. 4.1.King George I of Great Britain (1660-1727); m.1682 (div 1694) Dss Sofie Dorothea of Brunswick-Celle (above) 4.1.1.King George II of Great Britain (1683-1760); m.1705 Pss Karoline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1683-1737) 4.1.1.1.Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales (1707-1751); m.1736 Pss Auguste of Saxe-Gotha (1719-1772) 4.1.1.1.1.King George III of Great Britain (1738-1820); m.1761 Dss Charlotte of Mecklenburg- Strelitz (1744-1818) 4.1.1.1.1.1.King George IV of Great Britain (1762-1830); m.1st (in contravention of the Royal Marriages Act) 1785 Mary Anne Smythe Fitzherbert (1756-1837); m.2d 1795 Dss Karoline of Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel (1768-1821) 4.1.1.1.1.1.1.Charlotte (1796-1817); her death in childbirth was the cause of "the Great Baby Race"; George III had many sons, but when Charlotte died he had no legitimate grandchildren remaining; her uncles quickly married and began having babies at relatively advanced ages; she had m.1816 Pr Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld [later, King Leopold I of the Belgians] (d.1865) 4.1.1.1.1.2.Frederick Augustus, Duke of York and Albany, Prince-Bishop of Osnabrueck (1763- 1827); m.1791 Pss Friederike of Prussia (1767-1820) 4.1.1.1.1.3.King William IV of Great Britain (1765-1837); m.1818 Pss Adelheid of Saxe- Meiningen (1792-1849) 4.1.1.1.1.3.1.Charlotte, b.and d.1819 4.1.1.1.1.3.2.Elizabeth (1820-1821) [KingWilliam IV had illegitimate issue by Dorothy Bland, an actress whose stage name was "Mrs. Jordan"; these kids took the surname "Fitzclarence": 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.George Augustus, Earl of Munster (1794-1842); m.1819 Mary Wyndham (d.1842) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.1.William George, 2d Earl of Munster (1824-1901); m.1855 Wilhelmina Kennedy- Erskine (d.1906) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.1.1.Edward, Viscount Fitzclarence (1856-1870) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.1.2.Lionel Frederick Archibald (1857-1870) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.1.3.Geoffrey George Gordon, 3d Earl of Munster (1859-1902) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.1.4.Arthur Falkland Manners (1860-1861) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.1.5.Aubrey, 4th Earl of Munster (1862-1928) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.1.6.William George (1864-1899); m.1887 Charlotte Elizabeth Aline Williams (d.1902) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.1.6.1.Dorothy Margaret Aline (1888- ); m.1909 Cecil Cadogan Elborough 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.1.6.2.Wilhelmina Violet Eileen (1894- ); m.1918 Cecil John Cokayne Maunsell (d.1948) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.1.7.Harold Edward (1870-1926); m.1902 Frances isabel Eleanor Keppel (d.1951) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.1.7.1.Geoffrey William Richard Hugh, 5th Earl of Munster (1906-1975); m.1928 Hilary Wilson 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.1.7.2.Wilhelmina Joan Mary (1904- ); m.1st 1928 Oliver Birkbeck (d.1952); m.2d 1961 John Cator (d.1965) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.1.8.Dorothea Augusta (1876-1942); m.1890 Chandos Brydges Lee-Warner (d.1944) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.1.9.Lilian Adelaide Katherine Mary (1873-1948); m.1893 William Arthur Edward Boyd (d.1931) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.2.Frederick Charles George Fitzclarence-Hunloke (1826-1878); m.1856 Hon. Adelaide Augusta Wilhelmina Sidney (d.1904) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.3.George (1836-1894); m.1864 Lady Maria Henrietta Scott (d.1912) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.3.1.Charles Edward (1865-1914); m.1898 Violet Spencer-Churchill (1864- ) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.3.1.1.Edward Charles, 6th Earl of Munster (1899-1983); m.1st 1925 (div 1930) Monica Sheila Harrington; m.2d 1939 Vivian Schofield 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.3.1.1.1.Anthony Charles, 7th Earl of Munster, b.1926; m.1st 1949 (div 1966) Diane Delvigne; m.2d 1966 Pamela Margaret Hyde 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.3.1.1.1.1.Tara Francesca, b.1952 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.3.1.1.1.2.Finola Dominique, b.1953 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.3.1.1.2.May Jill, b.1928; m.1953 (annulled 1960) Melvin Flyer; m.2d 1968 John Walter 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.3.1.2.Joan Harriet; m.1933 Francis Borchard (d.1941) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.3.2.William Henry (1868-1921); m.1908 Hilda Charlotte Sankey (d.1950) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.3.3.Edward (1865-1897) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.3.4.Lionel Ashley Arthur (1870-1936); m.1913 Theodora Frances Maclean (d.1948) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.3.4.1.Mary Theodora Annette, b.1914; m.1948 Adam Gluskiewicz 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.3.5.Annette Mary (1873- ) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.3.6.Mary (1877-1939); m.1905 Frederick Drummond Vincent Wing (d.1915) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.4.Edward (1837-1855) 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.5.Adelaide Georgiana, d.1882 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.6.Augusta Margaret, d.1846; m.Baron Knut Bonde 4.1.1.1.1.3.3.7.Mary Gertrude, d.1834 4.1.1.1.1.3.4.Henry Edmund (1795-1817) 4.1.1.1.1.3.5.Frederick (1799-1854); m.1821 Lady Augusta Boyle (d.1876) 4.1.1.1.1.3.6.Adolphus (1802-1856) 4.1.1.1.1.3.7.Augustus (1805-1854); m.1845 Sarah Gordon (d.1901) 4.1.1.1.1.3.7.1.Augustus (1849-1861) 4.1.1.1.1.3.7.2.Henry Edward (1853-1930); m.1879 Mary Isabel Templer (d.1932) 4.1.1.1.1.3.7.2.1.Augustus Arthur Cornwallis (1880-1915); m.1910 Lady Susan Yorke (1881- 1965) 4.1.1.1.1.3.7.2.2.Cynthia Adele Victoria (1887- ); m.1908 Roland George Orred (d.1963) 4.1.1.1.1.3.7.3.Dorothea, d.1870; m.1863 Thomas William Goff (d.1876) 4.1.1.1.1.3.7.4.Eva, d.1918 4.1.1.1.1.3.7.5.Beatrice, d.1929 4.1.1.1.1.3.7.6.Mary, d.1858 4.1.1.1.1.3.8.Sophia (1796-1837); m.1825 Philip Sidney, Baron de l'Isle and Dudley (d.1851) 4.1.1.1.1.3.9.Mary (1798-1864); m.1824 Charles Fox (d.1873) 4.1.1.1.1.3.10.Elizabeth (1801-1856); m.1820 William Hay, Earl of Erroll (d.1846) 4.1.1.1.1.3.11.Augusta (1803-1865); m.1st 1827 Hon John Kennedy-Erskine (d.1831); m.2d Lord John Gordon Halyburton (d.1878) 4.1.1.1.1.3.12.Amelia (1807-1858); m.1830 Lucius Cary, Viscount Falkland (d.1884) 4.1.1.1.3.13.[purportedly William IV's illegitimate son] William Smith, b.1788, d.11 Nov 1865; m.1st 1820 Sarah Connop; m.2d 1839 Eugenia Maria do Rosario de Menezes, illegitimate dau.of King Joao VI of Portugal 4.1.1.1.3.13.1.1.Alexandre Douglas Smith 4.1.1.1.3.13.1.2.Marie Eugenia Smith de Menezes, b.Lisbon 14 Sep 1840, d.there 19 Apr 1842 4.1.1.1.3.13.1.3.Elizabeth Maria Smith de Menezes, b.Lisbon 8 May 1844, d.1866 4.1.1.1.1.4.Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (1767-1820); m.1818 Pss Viktoria of Saxe- Coburg-Saalfeld (1786-1861) 4.1.1.1.1.4.1.Queen Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland (1819-1901); m.1840 Pr Albert of saxe- Coburg-Gotha (1819-1861) 4.1.1.1.1.5.King Ernst August of Hanover (to which he succeeded in 1837, since Hanover did not permit inheritance by females) (1771-1851); m.1815 Dss Friederike of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1778-1841) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.King Georg V of Hanover (1819-1878); he was blind, and an additional misfortune was that Hanover was annexed by Prussia in 1866; m.1843 Pss Marie of Saxe-Altenburg (1818- 1907) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.Crown Prince Ernst August of Hanover (1845-1923); he should have succeeded as Duke of Brunswick in 1884, but the Prussians stopped him from doing so; he m.1878 Pss Thyra of Denmark (1853-1933) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.1.Georg Wilhelm (1880-1912) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.2.Christian (1885-1901) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.Ernst August (1887-1953); upon his marriage Prussia agreed to install him as Duke of Brunswick; he m.1913 Pss Viktoria Luise of Prussia (1892-1980) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.1.Ernst August (1914-1987); m.1st 1951 Pss Ortrud of Schleswig-Holstein (1925-1980); m.2d 1981 Css Monika zu Solms-Baruth (1929- ) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.1.1.Ernst August, b.1954; m.1981 Chantal Hochuli (b.1955) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.1.1.1.Ernst August, b.1983 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.1.1.2.Christian Heinrich, b.1985 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.1.2.Ludwig Rudolf (1955-1988); m.1987 Css Isabella von Thurn und Valsassina-Como-Vercelli (1962-1988) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.1.2.1.Otto Heinrich, b.1988 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.1.3.Heinrich, b.1961 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.1.4.Olga, b.1958 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.1.5.Alexandra, b.1959; m.1981 Fst Andreas zu Leiningen 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.2.Georg Wilhelm, b.1915; m.1946 Pss Sophie of Greece and Denmark (1914- ) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.2.1.Welf Ernst (1947-1981); m.1969 (div 1979) Wibke van Gunsteren 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.2.1.1.Tanja Saskia Luise, b.1970; m.1990 Michael Naylor-Leyland 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.2.2.Georg, b.1949; m.1973 Victoria Ann Bee (b.1951; see Fugger) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.2.2.1.Vera, b.1976 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.2.2.2.Nora, b.1978 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.2.3.Friederike, b.1954; m.1979 Jerry Cyr 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.3.Christian (1919-1981); m.1963 (div 1976) Mireille Dutry (b.1946) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.3.1.Caroline-Luise, b.1965 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.3.2.Mireille, b.1971 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.4.Welf Heinrich, b.1923; m.1960 Pss Alexandra zu Isenburg und Buedingen (b.1937) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.3.5.Friederike (1917-1981); m.1938 King Paul of the Hellenes (d.1964) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.4.Marie Luise (1879-1948); m.1900 Pr Maximilian of Baden (d.1929) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.5.Alexandrine (1882-1963); m.1904 Gr Duke Friedrich Franz IV of Mecklenburg- Schwerin (d.1945) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.1.6.Olga (1884-1958) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.2.Friederike (1848-1926); m.1880 Baron Alfons von Pawel-Rammingen (d.1932) 4.1.1.1.1.5.1.3.Marie (1849-1904) 4.1.1.1.1.6.Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex (1773-1843); m.1st (contrary to the Royal Marriages Act) 1793 Lady Augusta Murray (1768-1830); m.2d (contrary to the Royal Marriages Act) 1831 Lady Cecilia Gore,cr Dss of Inverness (1785-1873) 4.1.1.1.1.6.1.Sir Augustus Frederick d'Este (1794-1848) 4.1.1.1.1.6.2.Augusta Emma d'Este (1801-1866); m.1845 Thomas Wilde, Lord Truro, Lord High Chancellor (d.1855) 4.1.1.1.1.7.Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cambridge (1774-1850); m.1818 Pss Auguste of Hesse- Cassel (1797-1889) 4.1.1.1.1.7.1.George, Duke of Cambridge (1819-1904); m.(contrary to the Royal Marriages Act) 1847 Sarah=Louisa Fairbrother (1816-1890) 4.1.1.1.1.7.1.1.George Fitzgeorge (1843-1907); m.1885 Rosa Baring (1854-1927) 4.1.1.1.1.7.1.1.1.George (1892-1960); m.1st 1918 (div 1927) Esther Vignon; m.2d 1934 (div 1955) France Bellanger 4.1.1.1.1.7.1.1.2.Iris (1886-1976); m.1st 1912 Robert Balfour (d.1942); m.2d 1945 Pr Vladimir Galitzine (d.1954) 4.1.1.1.1.7.1.1.3.George Daphne (1889-1954); m.1915 (div 1926) George Foster Earle 4.1.1.1.1.7.1.2.Sir Adolphus Fitzgeorge (1846-1922); m.1st 1875 Sophia Jane Holden (1957- 1920); m.2d 1920 Margarita Beatrice Watson (1863-1934) 4.1.1.1.1.7.1.2.1.Olga Mary Adelaide (1877-1928); m.1st 1897 (div 1902) Archibald Hamilton; m.2d 1905 Robert Charlton Lane (d.1943) 4.1.1.1.1.7.1.3.Sir Augustus Fitzgeorge (1847-1933) 4.1.1.1.1.7.2.Augusta (1822-1916); m.1843 Gr Duke Friedrich Wilhelm of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d.1904) 4.1.1.1.1.7.3.Mary Adelaide (1833-1897); m.1866 Duke Francis of Teck (d.1900) 4.1.1.1.1.8.Octavius (1779-1783) 4.1.1.1.1.9.Alfred (1780-1782) 4.1.1.1.1.10.Charlotte, Pss Royal (1766-1828); m.1797 King Friedrich I of Wuerttemberg (d.1816) 4.1.1.1.1.11.Augusta (1768-1840) 4.1.1.1.1.12.Elizabeth (1770-1840); m.1818 Ldgve Friedrich VI of Hesse-Homburg (d.1829) 4.1.1.1.1.13.Mary (1776-1857); m.1816 Pr William, Duke of Gloucester (below) 4.1.1.1.1.14.Sophie (1777-1848) 4.1.1.1.1.15.Amelia (1783-1810) 4.1.1.1.2.Edward, Duke of York and Albany (1739-1767) 4.1.1.1.3.William, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1743-1805); m.1766 Maria Walpole (1739- 1807) 4.1.1.1.3.1.William, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1776-1834); m.1816 Pss Mary (above) 4.1.1.1.3.2.Sophia Matilda (1773-1844) 4.1.1.1.3.3.Caroline (1774-1775) 4.1.1.1.4.Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn (1745-1790); m.1771 Hon. Anne Luttrell (1743-1808) 4.1.1.1.4.1.[illegitimate by Olive Wilmot] Olivia Wilmot, b.1772, d.1834; m.John Thomas Serres (1759-1825) 4.1.1.1.4.1.1.Lavinia Janetta Horton Serres (1797-1871); m.Antony Thomas Ryves 4.1.1.1.5.Frederick (1750-1765) 4.1.1.1.6.Augusta (1737-1813); m.1764 Duke Karl II of Brunswick (d.1806) 4.1.1.1.7.Elizabeth (1740-1759) 4.1.1.1.8.Louisa (1749-1768) 4.1.1.1.9.Caroline Matilda (1751-1775); m.1766 (div 1772) King Christian VII of Denmark (d.1808) 4.1.1.2.George (1717-1718) 4.1.1.3.William, Duke of Cumberland (1721-1765) 4.1.1.4.Anne, Pss Royal (1709-1759); m.1734 Pr Wilem IV of Orange-Nassau (d.1751) 4.1.1.5.Amelia (1711-1786) 4.1.1.6.Caroline (1713-1757) 4.1.1.7.Mary (1723-1772); m.1740 Ldgve Friedrich II of Hesse-Cassel (d.1785) 4.1.1.8.Louisa (1724-1751); m.1743 King Frederik V of Denmark (d.1766) 4.1.2.Sophia Dorothea (1687-1757); m.1706 King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia (d.1740) [****King George I had 3 illegitimate daughters by Ermengarde Melusina von der Schulenberg, cr Dss of Kendal (1667-1743)]: 4.1.3.Melusina, Countess of Walsingham (1693-16 Sep 1778) m.Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield 4.1.4.Css Margarete von Oeynhausen (b.19 Apr 1698, d.8 Apr 1726); m.30 Sep 1721 Ct Albert Wolfgang zu Schaumburg-Lippe (b.8 May 1699, d.24 Sep 1748) 4.1.5. Anna Louise Sophie von der Schulenburg, Graefin von Delitz (1692-1773) m. 1707 div. 1722 Ernst August von dem Bussche-Ippenburg (1681-1761) 4.2.Friedrich August (1661-1691) 4.3.Maximilian Wilhelm (1666-1726) 4.4.Karl Philipp (1669-1690) 4.5.Christian (1671-1703) 4.6.Ernst August, Pr-Bp of Osnabrueck, Duke of York and Albany (1674-1728) 4.7.Sophie Charlotte (1662-1705); m.1684 King Friedrich I in Prussia (d.1713) 5.Magdalene, b.and d.1618 6.Sofie Amalie (1628-1685); m.1643 King Frederik III of Denmark (d.1670) 7.Dorothea Magdalene (1629-1630) 8.Anna (1630-1636) End of Part 7 Part 8.Folco I, Marchese d'Este (see Part 2) had issue: 1.Azzo IV, d.before 1145 2.Bonifacio I, d.1163 2.1.Maria; m.Ct Enrico N 2.2.Alisie; m.Ensedisio di Collalto, Cte di Treviso (d.1150) 3.Folco II, d.before 1172 3.1.Bonifacio II, d.1190 4.Alberto, d.1184; m. Matilda N 4.1.Adelasie, d.after 1192; m.Ugoccione di Maltraversi 4.2.Auremplasie, d.after 1192 5.Obizzo I d'Este, d.1193; m.1st NN; m.2d Sophia, from Vincenti (d.1202) 5.1.Azzo V, d.1193 5.1.1.Azzo VI d'Este, Lord of Ferrara, d.1212; m.1st a dau.of Cte Aldebrandino; m.2d Sophie (d.1202) a dau.of Ct Humbert III of Savoy; m.3d 1204 Alix (d.1235) dau.of Pr Raimond of Antioch; the maternity of his kids is unknown exceot for Azzo, from the 3d marriage 5.1.1.1.Aldobrandino I d'Este, d.1215 5.1.1.1.1.Bonifacio 5.1.1.1.2.Beatrix, d.before 8 May 1245; m.1234 King Andrew II of Hungary (d.1235) 5.1.1.1.3.Eudoxia; m.Matthias II von Estoras 5.1.1.1.4.Alessina 5.1.1.2.Azzo VII d'Este (ca 1205-1264); m.1st Joanna N (d.1233); m.2d 1238 Amabilia (d.after 27 Sep 1274) dau.of Marchese Guido di Pallavicini 5.1.1.2.1.Contardo, d.1249 5.1.1.2.2.Rinaldo I d'Este, d.1251; m.after 1240 Adelaide (d.1251) dau.of Alberigo di Romano 5.1.1.2.2.1.Obizzo II d'Este (1247-1293); m.1st 1263 Jacobina (d.1287) dau.of Niccolo Fiesco; m.2d 1289 Constanza (d.1306) dau.of Alberto I della Scala 5.1.1.2.2.1.1.Azzo VIII d'Este, d.1308; m.1st 1282 Giovanna, dau.of Bertoldo Orsini; m.2d 1305 Beatrice (d.before 1321) dau.of King Charles II of Naples 5.1.1.2.2.1.1.1.Fresco, d.1309; m.Pellegrina Caccianemici 5.1.1.2.2.1.1.1.1.Folco 5.1.1.2.2.1.1.2.Ricardo 5.1.1.2.2.1.1.3.Pietro, Abbot 5.1.1.2.2.1.1.4.Constanza; m.Lambertino Caccianemici 5.1.1.2.2.1.2.Aldobrabdino II d'Este, Margrave of Modena, d.1326; m.1289 Alda (d.1325) dau.of Cte Tobia Rangoni; for his descendants see Part 9 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.Francesco, d.1312; m.Orsina Orsini 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.1.Azzo, d.1318; m.Ricciarda di Gucellone da Camino 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.2.Bertoldo, d.1343; m.1st 1324 Domenica Pio; m.2d 1339 Caterina di Camino 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.2.1.Francesco (1325-1384); m.1st 1342 Caterina Visconti; m.2d Taddea di Barbiano 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.2.1.1.Azzo IX (1344-1415); m1.st Tommasina Guarnioni; m.2d Ricciarde di Canino; m.3d Amabilia di Collalto 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.2.1.1.1.Taddeo, d.1448; m.1st Margherita Pio; m.2d Maddalena Arcelli 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.2.1.1.1.1.Bertoldo, d.1463 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.2.1.1.1.2.Elena; m.Aloys von Thurn 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.2.1.1.2.Francesco 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.2.1.1.3.Orsina; m.Federigo di Porzio 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.2.1.2.Giacomo, d.1349 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.2.1.3.Orsina, d.ca 1399; m.Schinella di Collalto 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.2.1.4.a dau., m.N Udine 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.2.2.Orsina; m.Federigo di Savorgnano 5.1.1.2.2.1.3.3.a dau., m.Enrico Scrovigno 5.1.1.2.2.1.4.Maddalena; m.1st Aldobrandino Turchi; m.2d Raniero di Canossa 5.1.1.2.2.1.5.Beatrice, d.1334; m.1st Ugolino Visconti (d.ca 1298); m.2d 1300 Galeazzo Visconti (d.1328) 5.1.1.2.2.2.Pietro, d.1304 5.1.1.2.2.2.1.Obizzo, d.after 1317 5.1.1.2.2.2.1.1.Ubaldino, d.after 1352 5.1.1.2.2.2.2.Azzo, d.after 1352 5.1.1.2.2.2.2.1.Gerardo, d.after 1403 5.1.1.2.2.2.2.1.1.Antonio, d.1439 5.1.1.2.2.2.2.1.2.Azzo, d.1476 5.1.1.2.2.2.2.2.Imida; m.Niccolo di Macaruffi 5.1.1.2.2.3.Constanza; m.Guido de'Maltraversi 5.1.1.2.3.Alisia 5.1.1.2.4.Cubitosa; m.Isnardo di Malaspina (d.1275) 5.1.1.2.5.Constanza, d.after 10 Mar 1274; m.1st Eberto di Aldobrandeschi; m.Guglielmo di Pallavicini (d.1284) 5.1.1.2.6.Beatrice, a nun in Ferrara, d.1262 5.1.1.3.Agnese; m.Cte N di Mignano 5.1.1.4.Beatrice, Abbess of Monte-Gemmola, d.1226 5.1.1.5.Constanza, d.1215; m.Marco Giani 5.1.1.6.Odorica, d.ca 1250; m.Ensedisio II di Collalto, Cte di Treviso (d.after 1244) 5.1.2.Agnese, d.1167; m.Ezzelino II di Onara, Podesta of Treviso and Verona (d.1235) 5.2.Froa 5.3.Bonifacio, d.1228 5.4.Adelaide 5.5.Tommasina 5.6.Garsenda End of Part 8 Part 9.Aldobrandino II d'Este, Margrave of Modena (see Part 8) had issue: 1.Mgve Rinaldo II, d.1335; m.1st Lucrezia, dau.of Niccolo Barbiano; m.2d Orsolina di Macaruffi (d.1362) 1.1.[by 1st m.]Beatrice, d.1339; m.1339 Ct Jacob of Savoy (d.1367) 1.2.[by 2d m.]Aldobrandino d'Este, Bp of Ferrara, d.1381 1.3.[by 2d m.]Azzo, a priest (1332-1371) 2.Obizzo III d'Este, Mgve of Modena (1294-1352); m.1st 1317 Elisabeth (d.1341) dau.of Duke Albrecht II of Saxe-Wittenberg; m.2d Lippa (d.1347) dau.of Giacomo Ariosto [by 1st m.]: 2.1.Rinaldo II (1334-1348) 2.2.Mgve Aldobrandino III (1335-1361); m.1351 Beatrice (d.1388) dau.of Ricciardo di Camino 2.2.1.Niccolo, living 1361 2.2.2.Obizzo (1356-1388) 2.2.3.Azzo, b.1359, d.young 2.2.4.Viridis (1354-1400); m.1377 Duke Konrad V von Teck (d.1386) 2.3.Mgve Niccolo II (1338-1388); m.1362 Viridis (d.1394) dau.of Mastino II della Scala 2.3.1.Rinaldo, b.1371, d.before 1388 2.3.2.Taddea (1365-1404); m.1377 Francesco di Carrara (d.1406) 2.4.Azzo (1340-1349) 2.5.Beatrice (1332-1387);m.1365 Fst Waldemar I of Anhalt-Zerbst (d.1367) 2.6.Alda (1331-1381); m.1356 Ludovico II Gonzaga, Mgve of Mantua (d.1382) 2.7.Alisia, b.1337, d.after 1389; m.1349 Guido di Polenta [by 2d m.]: 2.8.Folco (1342-1358) 2.9.Ugo (1344-1370); m.1363 Constanza Malatesta (d.1378) 2.10.Mgve Alberto (1347-1393); m.1st 1388 Giovanna di Roberti (d.after May 1393); m.2d 1393 Isotta Albaresani 2.10.1.Mgve Niccolo III, d.1441; m.1st 1397 Cecilia di Carrara (d.1416); m.2d 1418 Parasina Malatesta (d.1425); m.3d 1431 Ricciarde di Saluzzo (d.1474) 2.10.1.1.Folco, living 1433 2.10.1.2.Alberto, living 1450 2.10.1.3.Ugo (1405-1425) 2.10.1.4.Meliaduse, Abbot of Pomposa and Ferrara (1406-1452); he left issue of whom I have no details 2.10.1.5.Lionello d'Este, Mgve of Modena (1407-1450); m.1st 1435 Margherita Gonzaga (d.1439); m.2d 1444 Maria (d.1449) an illegitimate dau.of King Alfonso V of Aragon 2.10.1.5.1.Niccolo (1438-1476) 2.10.1.5.2.Isabella; m.Niccolo della Scala (d.1478) 2.10.1.6.Borso d'Este, Duke of Modena and Ferrara (1413-1471) 2.10.1.7.Alberto (1415-1502); he left issue of whom I have no details 2.10.1.8.Gurone, an Abbot, d.1484; he left issue of whom I have no details 2.10.1.9.Alberto Carlo, b.and d.1421 2.10.1.10.Ercole d'Este, Duke of Modena and Ferrara (1431-1505); m.1473 Eleonore (1450- 1493) dau.of King Ferdinando I of Naples; for his descendants see Part 10 2.10.1.11.Sigimondo, Marchese di San Martino (1433-1507); m. Pizzocara N; they left issue of whom I have few details but the following: 2.10.1.11.1.Ercole d'Este; m.Angela Sforza 2.10.1.11.1.1.Sigismondo d'Este (d.1579); m.NN 2.10.1.11.2.Bianca d'Este; m.Alberigo de San ___ 2.10.1.11.3.Diana d'Este; m.Cte Ugoceione dei Contrari 2.10.1.11.4.Ginevra d'Este, a nun 2.10.1.12.Rinaldo (ca 1435-1503); m.Lucrezia of Montferrat; they left issue of whom I have no details 2.10.1.13.Camilla; m.1448 Rodolpho di Camarino (d.1464) 2.10.1.14.Isotta (1403-1404) 2.10.1.15.Margherita; m.1427 Galeotto Malatesta 2.10.1.16.Margherita, d.1452; m.Galasso Pio 2.10.1.17.Margherita; m.Franceschino N, of Verona 2.10.1.18.Viridis, a nun 2.10.1.19.Lucia (1419-1437); m.1437 Carlo Gonzaga, Mgve of Mantua (d.1456) 2.10.1.20.Ginevra (1419-1440); m.1433 Sigimondo Malatesta (d.1468) 2.10.1.21.Beatrice, b.1427, d.before 29 Nov 1497; m.1st 1448 Niccolo di Correggio; m.2d 1451 Tristano Sforza (d.1477) 2.10.1.22.Bianca (1440-1506); m.1468 Galeoto Pico di Mirandola (d.1499) 2.10.1.23.Orsina; m.1st Aldobrandino Rangoni (d.after 1454); m.2d N Malatesta; m.3d 1469 Andrea Gualengo 2.10.1.24.[illegitimate, probably by Filippa della Tavola] Isotta (1425-1456); m.1st Odo Antonio di Montefeltro, Cte di Urbino (d.1444); m.2d 1446 Stephan Frangepan, Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia (1481) 2.10.1.25.[illegitimate]Baldassare 2.11.Constanza (1343-1392); m.1362 Malatesta III Malatesta (d.1372) 3.Niccolo, d.1344; m.1335 Beatrice Gonzaga 3.1.Rinaldo III (1336-1369) 3.2.Jacobea; m.Trincoa Trinci 4.Alisia, d.1329; m.1325 Rinaldo Passerino Bonacolsi (d.1328) End of Part 9 Part 10. Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Modena and Ferrara (see Part 9) had issue: 1.Duke Alfonso I of Modena and Ferrara (1476-1534); m.1st 1491 Anna Sforza of Milan (1473- 1497); m.2d 1502 Lucrezia Borgia [yes, that Lucrezia Borgia] (1480-1519); m.3d Laura Dianti, formerly his mistress )d.1573) 1.1.Duke Ercole II of Modena and Ferrara (1508-1559); m.1528 Rene of France (1510-1575) 1.1.1.Duke Alfonso II of Modena and Ferrara (1533-1597); m.1st 1558 Lucrezia de Medici (1545- 1562); m.2d 1565 Archduchess Barbara of Austria (1539-1572); m.3d 1579 Eleonora Gonzaga (1564-1618) 1.1.2.Luigi, Cardinal d'Este (1538-1586) 1.1.3.Anna (1531-1607); m.1st 1548 Duke Francois I de Guise (d.1563); m.2d 1566 Jacques of Savoy, Duc de Nemours (d.1585) 1.1.4.Lucrezia (1535-1598); m.1570 (div 1576) Francesco Maria II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino (d.1631) 1.2.Ippolito, Cardinal d'Este (1509-1572) 1.3.Alessandro (1514-1516) 1.4.Francesco, Pr di Massa (1516-1578); m.1540 Maria di Cardona (d.1563) 1.4.1.Marfisa, d.1608; m.1st 1578 Alfonso d'Este (below); m.2d 1580 Alderano Cybo, Pr di Carrara (d.1606) 1.4.2.Bradamante; m.1575 Ercole di Bevilacqua (d.1600) 1.5.Alfonsino d'Este, lord of Castelnuovo, d.1547 1.6.Alfonso (1527-1587); m.1st 1549 Giulia della Rovere (d.1563); m.2d 1584 Violante Signa (1546-1609) 1.6.1.Cesare d'Este, Duke of Modena [at the death of Alfonso II, the papacy detached Ferrara and added it to the papal estates] (1552-1628); m.1586 Virginia de Medici (1568-1615) 1.6.1.1.Duke Alfonso III of Modena (1591-1644); m.1608 Pss Isabella of Savoy (1591-1626) 1.6.1.1.1.Cesare (1609-1613) 1.6.1.1.2.Duke Francesco I of Modena (1610-1658); m.1st 1631 Maria Farnese (1615-1646); m.2d 1648 Vittoria Farnese (1618-1649); m.3d 1654 Lucrezia Barberini (1630-1699) 1.6.1.1.2.1.Alfonso, b.and d.1632 1.6.1.1.2.2.Duke Alfonso IV of Modena (1634-1662); m.1655 Laura Martinozzi (d.1687) 1.6.1.1.2.2.1.Francesco (1657-1658) 1.6.1.1.2.2.2.Duke Francesco II of Modena (1660-1694); m.1692 Margherita Maria Farnese (1664-1718) 1.6.1.1.2.2.3.Maria Beatrice (1658-1718); m.1673 King James II & VII of England and Scotland (d.1701) 1.6.1.1.2.3.Tedaldo (1640-1643) 1.6.1.1.2.4.Almerigo (1641-1660) 1.6.1.1.2.5.Tedaldo, b.and d.1646 1.6.1.1.2.6.Duke Rinaldo III of Modena (1655-1737); m.1696 Charlotte of Brunswick-Lueneburg (1671-1710) 1.6.1.1.2.6.1.Duke Francesco III of Modena (1698-1780); m.1720 Charlotte d'Orleans (1700- 1761) 1.6.1.1.2.6.1.1.Alfonso (1723-1725) 1.6.1.1.2.6.1.2.Francesco Constantino (1724-1725) 1.6.1.1.2.6.1.3.Duke Ercole III of Modena (1727-1803); m.1741 Maria Theresa Cybo (1725-1790) 1.6.1.1.2.6.1.3.1.Rinaldo, b.and d.1753 1.6.1.1.2.6.1.3.2.Maria Beatrice (1750-1829); m.1771 Archduke Ferdinand of Austria (d.1806); Modena was inherited by their descendants 1.6.1.1.2.6.1.4.Benedetto (1736-1751) 1.6.1.1.2.6.1.5.Felicitas (1726-1754); m.1744 Jean, Duc de Penthievre (d.1793) 1.6.1.1.2.6.1.6.Matilda (1729-1803) 1.6.1.1.2.6.1.7.Fortunata (1734-1803); m.1759 (div 1775) Louis Francois, Duc de Conti (d.1814) 1.6.1.1.2.6.1.8.Maria Ernestina (1741-1774) 1.6.1.1.2.6.2.Giovanni Federico (1700-1727) 1.6.1.1.2.6.3.Clemente (1708- ) 1.6.1.1.2.6.4.Benedetta (1697-1777) 1.6.1.1.2.6.5.Amalia (1699-1778) 1.6.1.1.2.6.6.Henrietta (1702-1777); m.1st 1728 Antonio Farnese (d.1731); m.2d 1740 Ldgve Leopold of Hesse-Darmstadt (d.1764) 1.6.1.1.2.7.Isabella (1635-1666); m.1664 Duke Rainutio II of Parma (d.1694) 1.6.1.1.2.8.Leonora (1639-1640) 1.6.1.1.2.9.Leonora, a nun (1643-1722) 1.6.1.1.2.10.Maria (1644-1684); m.1668 Duke Rainutio II of Parma (d.1694) 1.6.1.1.2.11.Vittoria (1649-1656) 1.6.1.1.3.Obizzo, Bp of Modena (1611-1645) 1.6.1.1.4.Cesare (1614-1677) 1.6.1.1.5.Alessandor, b.and d.1615 1.6.1.1.6.Carlo Alessandro (1616-1679) 1.6.1.1.7.Rinaldo, Cardinal d'Este (1618-1671) 1.6.1.1.8.Filiberto (1623-1645) 1.6.1.1.9.Bonifazio, b.and d.1624 1.6.1.1.10.Caterina, a nun (1613-1635) 1.6.1.1.11.Margherita (1619-1692); m.1647 Ferdinando Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla (d.1678) 1.6.1.1.12.Beatrice, b.and d.1620 1.6.1.1.13.Beatrice (1622-1623) 1.6.1.1.14.Anna Beatrice (1626-1690); m.1656 Alessandro Pico di Mirandola (d.1691) 1.6.1.2.Luigi, Lord of Montecchio and Scandiano (1594-1664) 1.6.1.2.1.Ippolita, d.1656; m.Borso d'Este, her uncle 1.6.1.3.Ippolito (1599-1647) 1.6.1.4.Niccolo (1601-1640); m.Sveva di Avalos 1.6.1.5.Borso (1605-1657); m.his niece Ippolia d'Este (above) 1.6.1.5.1.Luigi (1648-1698) 1.6.1.5.2.Cesare (1649-1651) 1.6.1.5.3.Foresto (1652-1725) 1.6.1.5.4.Cesare Ignazio (1653-1713) 1.6.1.5.5.Giulia, b.and d.1650 1.6.1.5.6.Giulia (1654-1656) 1.6.1.5.7.Angela Caterina (1656-1722); m.1684 Duke Emanuele Philiberto of Savoy-Carignano (d.1709) 1.6.1.6.Foresto (1606-1639) 1.6.1.7.Giulia (1588-1645) 1.6.1.8.Laura (1594-1630); m.Alessandro Pico di Mirandola (d.1637) 1.6.1.9.Caterina (1595-1618) 1.6.1.10.Angela Caterina, a nun, d.1651 1.6.2.Alfonso (1560-1578); m.1578 Marfisa d'Este (above) 1.6.3.Alessandro, Cardinal d'Este (1568-1624) 1.6.4.Eleonore (1551-1637); m.1594 Carlo Gesualdo di Venosa 1.6.5.Ippolita (1565-1602); m.1594 Federico Pico, Duke of Mirandola (d.1602) 1.7.Eleonore, a nun (1515-1575) 2.Ferdinando (1477-1540) 3.Ippolito, Cardinal d'Este (1479-1520); he left issue of whom I have no details 4.Sigimondo (1580-1624) 5.Isabella (1474-1539); m.1490 Francesco II Gonzaga, Mgve of Mantua (d.1519) 6.Beatrice (1475-1497); m.1491 Duke Luigi Moro of Milan (d.1508) 7.[illegitimate]Julius (1478-1561) End of Part 10.